{"id":1039,"date":"2016-03-02T10:46:42","date_gmt":"2016-03-02T03:46:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=1039"},"modified":"2017-07-17T16:32:39","modified_gmt":"2017-07-17T09:32:39","slug":"gioi-thieu-nguon-gen-cay-mac-mat-clausena-indica-daizell-oliv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=1039","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y m\u00e1c m\u1eadt (Clausena indica Daizell (Oliv.))"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
\n

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>M\u00e1c m\u1eadt, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi M\u1eafc m\u1eadt,\u00a0M\u00f3c m\u1eadt,\u00a0H\u1ed3ng b\u00ec n\u00fai,\u00a0C\u1ee7 kh\u1ec9,\u00a0D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9ng,<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u00e2m ch\u00e2u, Nh\u00e2m h\u00f4i, c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc \u00a0Clausena indica<\/em>\u00a0 Daizell (Oliv.) [t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a Bergera nitida<\/em>\u00a0Thwaites\/ Piptostylis indica<\/em>\u00a0Dalzell ],\u00a0 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa thu\u1ed9c chi Clausena c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Rutaceae. T\u1eeb “M\u1eafc m\u1eadt” l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e0y-N\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh “qu\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdt”.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Theo D\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA, 2010), c\u00e2y M\u00e1c m\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (c\u00e1c bang Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala), Sri Lanka v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c cho bi\u1ebft, lo\u00e0i Clausena indica<\/em>\u00a0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y – Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, L\u00e0o, Campuchia, Th\u00e1i lan, Malaysia, Indonexia, Philippin v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam, t\u1eadp trung\u00a0ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Thanh H\u00f3a, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh… trong \u0111\u00f3, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 350 ha, b\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 14.000-15.000 \u0111\/kg. Hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 L\u00e2m H\u00e0, \u0110\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 cho thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e1, qu\u1ea3\u2026<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1c m\u1eadt l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e2m s\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00e1, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y M\u00e1c m\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9a tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vitamin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y M\u00e1c m\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein, s\u1eaft, mangan, can xi cao h\u01a1n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t, qu\u1ea3 m\u1eafc m\u1eadt gi\u00e0u h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vitamin C. Tinh d\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf l\u00e1, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t, c\u00e0nh, cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1, cu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u tinh d\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9a 5,5%. Sau v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a 2,7 %. H\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9a 1,5%. Trong tinh d\u1ea7u l\u00e1 m\u00e1c m\u1eadt c\u00f3 11 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 2 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 myristicin (40,37-56,04%) v\u00e0 P-cymen-8-ol (18,58-22.45%). Trong tinh d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 beta-myrcen (70%). T\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc trong l\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y m\u00e1c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa c\u1ea3m s\u1ed1t, phong th\u1ea5p, l\u00e1 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 m\u1eafc m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u, kho trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n v\u00f9ng cao, ngo\u00e0i ra qu\u1ea3 M\u00e1c m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m m\u00f3n m\u0103ng \u1edbt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; L\u00e1 m\u1eafc m\u1eadt c\u00f3 tinh d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t tinh d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n v\u1ecbt quay hay l\u1ee3n quay c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m ngon \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Cao B\u1eb1ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n. H\u1ea1t m\u1eafc m\u1eadt ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 xay th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia v\u1ecb\u00a0 Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u00e1 v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u00f4ng y nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i m\u1eadt, k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u00eau h\u00f3a; tinh d\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e1c m\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111au. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y M\u00e1c m\u1eadt Cao B\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 cao ethanol v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n EtOAc c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ee3i m\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4xy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c.
\nNh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y M\u1eafc m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e1, qu\u1ea3, v\u1ecf, th\u00e2n, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb cao c\u1ea5p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y M\u1eafc m\u1eadt \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean cho t\u1edbi nay c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i<\/p>\n

M\u00e1c m\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, cao t\u1eeb 2-7m, trung b\u00ecnh 4m, v\u1ecf th\u00e2n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111en c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n. C\u00e2y ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0 56-80cm, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3. C\u00e0nh non c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1eb5n m\u00e0u h\u01a1i \u0111en. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ecdc so le, d\u00e0i 10-30cm, ch\u00f3p l\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn, g\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u1ec7ch, t\u00f9 hay nh\u1ecdn, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean hay c\u00f3 kh\u00eda r\u0103ng nh\u1ecf; c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1eb5n. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p g\u00e2n m\u1edd. Ch\u00f9y hoa \u1edf ng\u1ecdn, n\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n, hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng- ph\u1edbt h\u1ed3ng, cu\u1ed1ng hoa 4mm. Qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng, khi c\u00f2n non c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eadm, tr\u00ean v\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00fai tinh d\u1ea7u, nh\u1eb5n bong, khi ch\u00edn v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, trong. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u- tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 9-13mm, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tuy\u1ebfn. Trong m\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 h\u1ea1t, c\u1ee1 1-2 mm, m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t.C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1ecf th\u00e2n, c\u00e0nh, l\u00e1, hoa, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tinh d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y M\u00e1c m\u1eadt ra 2 \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ed9c trong n\u0103m l\u00e0 l\u1ed9c xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ed9c h\u00e8 thu. \u00a0C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 khung t\u00e1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh m\u00e2m x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t \u00fap v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 16- 20 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i sau tr\u1ed3ng. M\u00e1c m\u1eadt t\u00f9y v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng, ra hoa th\u00e1ng 3-6, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-9.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y m\u00e1c m\u1eadt m\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ch\u00e2n n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.000m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ed3i. C\u00e2y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n ho\u00e0, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m t\u1eeb 20-25\u00a00<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean 1500mm. C\u00e2y M\u1eafc m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n che b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t 4-5 n\u0103m sau c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3; c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e2y gh\u00e9p 2-3 n\u0103m cho qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kho\u1ea3ng 40 n\u0103m. C\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 40-50kg\/c\u00e2y.
\n\"Cay \"La\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y m\u1eafc m\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em>
\nK\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng: <\/em>C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t<\/em> 12 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, chi\u1ec1u cao 15- 20 cm, kh\u1ecfe, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p 6-8 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i (c\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p b\u00e1nh t\u1ebb ( 10cm v\u1edbi 4-5 ch\u1ed3i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p n\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2y g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p 16-18 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i) t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3.
\n\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: \u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y > 50cm,\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p, ph\u00f9 sa, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf bazan, \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt pha c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t ven su\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 400-500 c\u00e2y\/ha v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hang c\u00e1ch hang 4,5-5m, c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y\u00a0 5m; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng xen v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ch\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e2y che b\u00f3ng (v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: \u0110\u00e0o h\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 50x50x50 cm. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 b\u00f3n l\u00f3t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u 5kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai ho\u1eb7c 0,5kg h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh + 1kg ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n. H\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 1 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: D\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u c\u00e2y \u00a02-3cm. D\u00f9ng dao r\u1ea1ch b\u1ea7u nylon t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf r\u1ec5 cong queo d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ea5n nh\u1eb9 xung quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y. C\u1eafm c\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e2y v\u00e0o c\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 lay g\u1ed1c. Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a vun \u0111\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em>: M\u1eafc m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n tuy nhi\u00ean m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3n ph\u00e2n<\/em>: Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 c\u1ea7n b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m (pha lo\u00e3ng 1-2%) 1-2 l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1ch nhau 1 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y mau ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. Th\u1eddi gian 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u00f3n cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 0,2-0,4kg ph\u00e2n NPK 16-16-8, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m b\u00f3n 2 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam 0,1kg\/c\u00e2y. Khi c\u00e2y ra hoa, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3n 1-2kg NPK\/c\u00e2y, b\u00f3n c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c 1-1,5m, b\u00f3n b\u1ed5 sung 0,2-0,3 kg v\u00f4i\/ c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u1ecf<\/em>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u1ea1nh tranh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o t\u00e1n<\/em>: Hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y 1-2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ra 4-5 c\u00e0nh khung kh\u1ecfe, b\u1ed9 t\u00e1n g\u1ecdn. C\u1eaft b\u1ecf c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, c\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t trong t\u00e1n c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh<\/em>: C\u00e2y M\u1eafc m\u1eadt \u00edt b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Thu ho\u1ea1ch, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/em>: Khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh b\u00f3 nh\u1ecf \u0111em b\u00e1n; qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch v\u1ecf \u0111em h\u1ea1t ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4, xay th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m gia v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 kho th\u1ecbt c\u00e1, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u00fai nylon \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t; qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch cho v\u00e0o l\u1ecd ng\u00e2m v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i, \u1edbt, m\u0103ng chua \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia v\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i, khi \u0103n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn B\u00e2n (2003), Danh l\u1ee5c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II. NXB N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr.696<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9 (1999), C\u00e2y c\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II, tr.425.<\/p>\n

3. Department of the Army (2003). The illustrated Guide to edible wild plants. The Lyons press. p.35<\/p>\n

3. USDA (2010).\u00a0USDA Plants Database Search. Clausena indica<\/em>\u00a0in the\u00a0Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).<\/p>\n

4. https:\/\/www.benh.vn\/dong-y\/Tac-dung-it-biet-den-cua-cay-mac-mat\/61\/3968\/26-10-2013.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

5. https:\/\/khuyennonglamdong.gov.vn\/hoat-dong-kn-lam-dong\/qui-trinh-ky-thuat\/15 th\u00e1ng 9, 2014-k-thut-trng-cay-mc-mt.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

PGS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0M\u00e1c m\u1eadt, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi M\u1eafc m\u1eadt,\u00a0M\u00f3c m\u1eadt,\u00a0H\u1ed3ng b\u00ec n\u00fai,\u00a0C\u1ee7 kh\u1ec9,\u00a0D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9ng,\u00a0Ch\u00e2m ch\u00e2u, Nh\u00e2m h\u00f4i, c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[29,13,21],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1039"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1443,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions\/1443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}