\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta sau 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u, cao su, h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau\u2026. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf\/chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c xanh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 “Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt” v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 v\u00e0 sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1963 \u0111o\u00e0n thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn m\u1eabu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \/ ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 135 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, duy tr\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 6 tri\u1ec7u gia c\u1ea7m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng hoang d\u00e3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00dac, Anh, vv. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 38.344 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng hoang d\u00e3 trong kho l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 35,755 b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lai l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 46.914 b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 5.886 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 7000 l\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \/ nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vv.<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong c\u1ea3 hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: <\/strong>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ<\/em>, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ<\/em>, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/p>\n