{"id":1288,"date":"2017-07-02T09:00:12","date_gmt":"2017-07-02T02:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=1288"},"modified":"2017-07-12T20:36:02","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T13:36:02","slug":"lich-su-nhan-loai-duoi-tan-cay-bo-de","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=1288","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1"},"content":{"rendered":"

ike Shanahan<\/strong><\/p>\n

BBC Ng\u00e0y <\/em>2 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2017<\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0H\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft ra theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Ashoka \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n c\u00e2y n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u1ea7u Ni \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/em><\/strong>
\nAshoka ban t\u1eb7ng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a xu\u00f4i S\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng xu\u1ed1ng V\u1ecbnh Bengal.T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, n\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa con ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 l\u00ean t\u00e0u ra kh\u01a1i, \u0111em t\u1edbi Sri Lanka cung ti\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 vua n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Vua Ashoka y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u00e1i c\u00e2y t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ecf l\u1ec7 khi nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb s\u1eed thi The Mahavamsa c\u1ee7a Sri Lanka, n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Ficus religiosa<\/em>. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi vua Ashoka.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 750 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong chi h\u1ecd sung. Kh\u00f4ng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n chi h\u1ecd sung trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, c\u00e1c n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong thu\u1edf b\u00ecnh minh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u1ebd c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 hoa \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1edf bung cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c chi h\u1ecd sung l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5u hoa b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t. V\u00e0 trong khi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00ec c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m l\u1ea1i khoe ch\u00fang tr\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean. V\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u00fa v\u1ecb, m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y do chim, th\u00fa th\u1ea3i ra, m\u1eafc l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea3y n\u1edf t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm thay v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

\"caybode2\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang m\u1ecdc r\u1ec5 d\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m r\u1ec5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0y d\u1eb7n, to c\u1ee9ng th\u00eam, bao tr\u00f9m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ‘con m\u1ed3i’ s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t, l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 to l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i c\u1ed9t cao l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00f3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u. T\u1ea1i Indonesia, c\u00e2y n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i r\u1ec5 ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n \u1edf Barbados, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha Pedro a Campos \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n khi chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea3o h\u1ed3i 1536. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m m\u1ecdc d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3o, lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc\u00a0Ficus citrifolia<\/em>. T\u1eebng ch\u00f9m r\u1ec5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1ee7 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ecdn r\u00e2u t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7n xo\u1eafn. A Campos \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Los Barbados – “\u0111\u1ea3o r\u00e2u d\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0H\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m sau, nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Alfred Russel Wallace \u0111i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m m\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh odyssey k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00e1m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Malay l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u1edf trong r\u1eebng”. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp so v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Charles Darwin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ch\u00e2u \u00c2u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Ashoka \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Gia-nai gi\u00e1o (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong kh\u00fac chi\u1ebfn ca c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n h\u1ed3i 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa 1.500 n\u0103m, c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n. \u00a0T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e2y \u0111a, c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3, trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian, v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 v\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Ficus benghalensis<\/em>), lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb xa nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i th\u00ec tr\u00f4ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng nh\u1ecf. C\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t to b\u1edfi r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 to, ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y s\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ra d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ec5 th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf Uttar Pradesh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Gujarat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh con ch\u1ec9 b\u00e9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, c\u00e2y th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 lao m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o d\u00e0n h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u00ean sinh theo. C\u00e2y n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Andhra Pradesh, l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa cho 20 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n chinh chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 326 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn tai nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Theophrastus, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 cho qu\u1ea3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ea3 t\u00e2y, c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0\u00a0Ficus carica<\/em>. Theophrastus nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con b\u1ecd t\u00ed x\u00edu chui ra chui v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0H\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1ea3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ‘\u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng’ nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecd v\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o hoa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 80 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi nay. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c chi h\u1ecd sung\u00a0Ficus<\/em>\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ra qu\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 sinh t\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ecd th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian trong n\u0103m. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c tr\u00e1i sung, v\u1ea3 gi\u00fap nu\u00f4i, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u00e0i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1.200 gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0103n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i \u0103n hoa qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 l\u00e0 “nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu”. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y theo. C\u00e2y v\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 ch\u00edn quanh n\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 to h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n hay ch\u01b0a. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"caybode3\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sung c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u00a0Ficus sycomorus<\/em>, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n cho n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ebd ra th\u00ec lo\u00e0i sung n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 sung ch\u00edn. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ‘\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba’ c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao v\u1ea1ch l\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, qu\u1ea3 sung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n thu ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Ai C\u1eadp. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n luy\u1ec7n cho kh\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft tr\u00e8o c\u00e2y h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 n\u1eefa. C\u00e2y sung \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1eeba nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Ai C\u1eadp, Pharaoh, \u0111em c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 sung kh\u00f4 v\u00e0o h\u1ea7m m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap linh h\u1ed3n vua tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i sang c\u00f5i b\u00ean kia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1eef th\u1ea7n Hathor s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y sung th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n h\u1ecd v\u00e0o thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc sang ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, lo\u00e0i h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a sung d\u1ea1i kh\u00f4 Ai C\u1eadp l\u00e0 v\u1ea3 t\u00e2y (F. carica<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 Vua Urukagina c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n 5.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Vua Nebuchadnezzar II cho tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn treo Babylon. Vua Solomon c\u1ee7a Israel ca ng\u1ee3i ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hoa tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ngon ng\u1ecdt, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1, vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\"caybode4\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. “Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng,” nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc La M\u00e3 h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Pliny Gi\u00e0 (Pliny the Elder) vi\u1ebft, “v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ngon nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ed1m b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n”. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Hezekiah, Vua v\u00f9ng Judah, \u0111\u00e3 ‘l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft’ nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ecfe tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00f4i t\u1edb \u0111\u1eafp qu\u1ea3 v\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec1n nhuy\u1ec5n l\u00ean da ng\u00e0i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2y. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y n\u1eefa. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 tinh tinh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tinh tinh c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Uganda th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c con tinh tinh \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 d\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng con tinh tinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111ang t\u1ef1 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft lu\u00e2nh. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng khu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e2y v\u1ea3, c\u00e2y sung kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i, che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c suy t\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 3300 \u0111\u1ebfn 1500 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u1edbi t\u1eadn n\u0103m 1827, khi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea9u b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi C\u00f4ng ty \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Charles Masson ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean s\u1eebng s\u1eefng \u00e1t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t nh\u00f4 l\u00ean nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Masson r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec “nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua”. Th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u1ea4n t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n

\"caybode5\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m c\u0169ng thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n x\u00f3a s\u1ed5, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya \u1edf Tikal thu\u1ed9c Guatemala, hay c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n Khmer \u1edf Angkor Wat c\u1ee7a Campuchia.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap r\u1eebng xanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, bao ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y n\u1ea3y l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t trong t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1. R\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft v\u1eefa v\u00e0 bao cu\u1ed1n, b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2y v\u1ea3 thu h\u00fat v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1edbi sinh s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111em h\u1ea1t c\u00e2y \u0111i ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n xa h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 th\u1ec3, r\u1eebng xanh d\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda nh\u01b0 Krakatoa, n\u01a1i tr\u1eadn n\u00fai l\u1eeda phun tr\u00e0o h\u1ed3i 1883 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp nham th\u1ea1ch, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\"caybode6\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u1ede kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1n m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft do n\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 b\u1eeba b\u00e3i. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00e2y v\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u1eafn r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng d\u00e0y d\u1eb7n, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a l\u0169.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0T\u1ea1i Ethiopia, c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho hoa m\u00e0u, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4 cho d\u00ea. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e2y v\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c chi h\u1ecd sung, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y \u0111a, c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00f4i, so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 80 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

(B\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean\u00a0BBC Earth<\/strong><\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ike Shanahan BBC Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2017\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0H\u01a1n 2.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb th\u00e2n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1288"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1304,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1288\/revisions\/1304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}