\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eadu xanh (Vigna radiata <\/i>(L.) Wilczek) l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i protein, th\u1eddi gian sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, d\u1ec5 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1eadu xanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1eadu xanh l\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p xen canh, g\u1ed1i v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung, Nam trung b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1u, 2009).<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadu xanh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0ng (Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus <\/i>– MYMV). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadu xanh. B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadu xanh t\u1eeb 10-100 % t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m (Khattak v\u00e0 cs., 2000; Varma v\u00e0 Malathi, 2003; Kang v\u00e0 cs., 2005). B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan n\u01a1i n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu kh\u00e1c (Bakar, 1981; Malik, 1991; Bashir v\u00e0 Zubair, 2005). B\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m 62,9% t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 83,9 % s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eadu xanh n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi gieo h\u1ea1t 20 ng\u00e0y (CABI, 2007). Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i virus thu\u1ed9c chi Begomovirus <\/i>(h\u1ecd Geminivirus <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi b\u1ecd ph\u1ea5n).<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t nam, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1eadu xanh, g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 20-70% (Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1u, 2009). Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3mv\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eadu xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c virus nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea3m v\u00e0ng (MYMV) t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n