{"id":2959,"date":"2021-01-07T16:38:31","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T09:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=2959"},"modified":"2021-11-10T08:47:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T01:47:12","slug":"cac-giong-lua-trong-o-viet-nam-tu-thoi-nguyen-thuy-den-hien-dai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=2959","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>1. M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea4U<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o tr\u00ean\n\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\n\u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn, tranh\n\u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\n\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 kinh\nnghi\u1ec7m m\u01b0u sinh. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n\n\u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng \u1ea5p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn\nth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong 10 000 n\u0103m qua. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa ti\u1ebfn\nb\u1ed9 h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4n ngoan, l\u00f2ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u gian kh\u1ed5\ncon ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1\nkh\u00e1c, c\u00e2y l\u00faa hoang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nay \u00edt nh\u1ee9t 18 000 n\u0103m sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3\nb\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn 10.000-8.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc,&nbsp;<em>n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1 khai<\/em>&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t\nhi\u1ec7n trong n\u1ec1n V\u0103n H\u00f3a H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Xanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a\nnh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u0103n b\u1eaft, c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u1eadu,\nkhoai, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1ee9c \u0103n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. C\u00e2y l\u00faa hoang\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ed5 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t c\u00f3\nh\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa r\u1eaby du canh quanh c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch nay 7 000-6\n000 n\u0103m. Lo\u1ea1i H\u00f2a th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\ncon ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean, Su\u1ed1i\nLinh-C\u1ea7u S\u1eaft, \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp phong ki\u1ebfn, Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c,\ncu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Xanh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\nd\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qua h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y l\u00faa t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i hoang d\u1ea1i \u00edt ch\u1ed3i, th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, l\u00e1 d\u00e0i nh\u1ecf\nm\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee3t cong r\u0169, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t d\u1ec5 r\u1ee5ng khi ch\u00edn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e2y l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong>: l\u00faa r\u1eaby, l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i; qua th\u1eddi gian\ntr\u1edf n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e2y l\u00faa c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh\nd\u1ea1ng; sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn, lai t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e2y l\u00faa c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>; v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng do kh\u00e1m\nph\u00e1 gen l\u00f9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e2y l\u00faa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>&nbsp;th\u1ea5p\ngi\u00e0n, l\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eadm, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1m cao, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 ng\u00e3,\nh\u1ea1t \u00edt r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e2y l\u00faa c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1eeb Nam ra B\u1eafc, t\u1eeb\nv\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3, ph\u00e8n \u0111\u1ebfn\nn\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, t\u1eeb n\u01a1i ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng\nb\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long \u0111\u1ebfn ru\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc thang \u1edf Sapa, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, H\u00e0 Giang\u2026, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00faa\n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng quanh n\u0103m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, th\u00edch nghi t\u1eebng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 sinh\ntr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ed3i, l\u00e1, h\u1ea1t l\u00faa kh\u00e1c nhau ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng\nng\u1eebng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. V\u1ee4 L\u00daA QUA C\u00c1C TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ea0I<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u01b0 d\u00e2n\nVi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u00faa r\u1eaby ho\u1eb7c l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c tr\u1ed3ng\nl\u00faa trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh-B\u1eafc S\u01a1n (kho\u1ea3ng 7 000-6 000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed3ng\nm\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u00faa r\u1eaby m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng gia\n\u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i\nMi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Cao nguy\u00ean Mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng du canh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng\ntr\u1ecdt-g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00f9ng Nguy\u00ean-\u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu (c\u00e1ch\nnay 4 000-3 500 n\u0103m) c\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung \u1edf nh\u1eefng bu\u00f4n b\u1ea3n, th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng. Khi\nbi\u1ec3n tho\u00e1i, h\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f2 cao, thung l\u0169ng ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i\n\u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa\nn\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sung t\u00fac cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0\nAn D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau th\u01b0\u1eddng\nnh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, nh\u1edd c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm v\u00e0 sau CN c\u00f3 th\u00eam gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Chi\u00eam\n\u00edt quang c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi d\u1eabn tho\u00e1t th\u1ee7y\n\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng hai v\u1ee5 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m h\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00faa g\u1ea1o gia t\u0103ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc\nc\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u1ee5 l\u00faa Chi\u00eam, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi v\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng-xu\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5 v\u00e0 v\u1ee5\nl\u00faa M\u00f9a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede Mi\u1ec1n Trung, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u0169ng tr\u1ed3ng 2 v\u1ee5 l\u00faa\nm\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 192 sau CN, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n\nv\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i Mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u00faa hai v\u1ee5 (m\u00f9a m\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u00f9a n\u1eafng) ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb\nth\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c khi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee7y n\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi\nru\u1ed9ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1975, mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300 000 ha \u0111\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nt\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Xanh x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb 1968, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u\ntr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u2013 Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc<\/em>: V\u1ee5 Chi\u00eam l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n qua v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c Xu\u00e2n\nmu\u1ed9n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00f2n tr\u1ed3ng th\u00eam v\u1ee5 m\u00e0u m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1eafp, \u0111\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng,\nkhoai t\u00e2y\u2026 sau v\u1ee5 M\u00f9a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u2013 Mi\u1ec1n Nam:<\/em>&nbsp;V\u1ee5 l\u00faa M\u00f9a gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n qua v\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng-xu\u00e2n v\u00e0\nv\u1ee5 H\u00e8-thu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013&nbsp;<em>Mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n Nam:<\/em>&nbsp;Trong\nth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 3 v\u1ee5 l\u00faa m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng thi\u1ebfu\n\u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e9p. Trong 2012, \u0110BSCL c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 500 000 ha v\u1edbi\n3 v\u1ee5 l\u00faa, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00ea bao v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc (D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00edn, 2014). V\u1ec1\nm\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ec7 canh t\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1i\ns\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai suy tho\u00e1i mau l\u1eb9. Cho n\u00ean, c\u1ea7n thay\nth\u1ebf v\u1ee5 3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng\nsu\u1ea5t cao ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi phong th\u1ed5 t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng t\u1eebng m\u00f9a:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u1ee5 Chi\u00eam em c\u1ea5y l\u00faa Di<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>V\u1ee5 M\u00f9a l\u00faa D\u00e9, s\u1edbm th\u00ec Ba gi\u0103ng (Ba tr\u0103ng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. C\u00c1C GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA T\u1eea V\u0102N H\u00d3A B\u1eaeC S\u01a0N \u0110\u1ebeN NAY<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 7 000-8\n000 n\u0103m qua, c\u00e2y l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nthu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e2y l\u00faa\nhi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00faa bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb l\u00faa hoang\nqua l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 sau:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00faa hoang \u0111a ni\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00faa hoang\nh\u00e0ng ni\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00faa tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng ni\u00ean, qua \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Th\u00e2n cao tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p gi\u00e0n: n\u1eeda l\u00f9n,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 \u00cdt ch\u1ed3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed3i h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 L\u00e1 l\u00faa cong o\u1eb1n, xanh l\u1ee3t tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng\nv\u00e0 xanh \u0111\u1eadm,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 L\u00e1 l\u00faa xo\u00e8 ra tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gom l\u1ea1i,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 B\u00f4ng l\u00faa \u00edt h\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 r\u1ee5ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t\nv\u00e0 \u00edt r\u1ee5ng,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 H\u1ea1t l\u00faa c\u00f3 \u0111u\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Th\u1eddi gian h\u1ea1t ch\u00edn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3ng\n\u0111\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 H\u1ea1t l\u00faa m\u00e0u n\u00e2u t\u00edm tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00e0ng l\u00fac\nch\u00edn,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 H\u1ea1t l\u00faa h\u01b0u mi\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p (\u0111\u1ed9 540 kg\/ha v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u\nCN) l\u00ean cao (10-11 t\/ha).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i\nn\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa kh\u00e1c nhau theo th\u1eddi gian \u1edf m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i.\nCho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e2y l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00e0ng\ntr\u0103m, ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00faa h\u00e0ng ni\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u00f2n\ngi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y l\u00faa hoang n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3\nc\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c\nnhau tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi c\u01b0 d\u00e2n bi\u1ebft tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa r\u1eaby, l\u00faa na (thung\nl\u0169ng) v\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 sa. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ee7a 3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c xa nhau do \u0111i\u1ec1u\nki\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau: v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao, thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00f9 sa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa,\nc\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi\ngian v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u201cgi\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00faa t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9\nkh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng,\nngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n hai lo\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb,<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0\nc\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i,\ngi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>L\u00faa\nn\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u00faa t\u1ebb:<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;Trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n\nh\u00f3a B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u1ebfp (c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t b\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n) \u1edf n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby\ntr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai hay \u0111\u1ea5t cao. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u1ebfp v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng\nc\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Th\u00e1i, T\u00e0i, M\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\n\u0103n c\u01a1m n\u1ebfp ba l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. T\u1ee5c l\u1ec7 c\u00fang b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh d\u00e0y v\u00e0o dip T\u1ebft; l\u00e0m\nx\u00f4i, n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00fang \u00d4ng B\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0y gi\u1ed7 k\u1ef5 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\nti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, l\u00faa t\u1ebb c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh\nd\u00e1ng thon d\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9\nv\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu c\u00e1ch nay 3 000 n\u0103m; cho n\u00ean, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00faa t\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam do\nnh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau CN, l\u00faa t\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng\nng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n l\u00faa n\u1ebfp \u1edf ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, do n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o\nt\u1ebb cho c\u01a1m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp. L\u00faa t\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng (40-43 n\u0103m\nsau CN), v\u00ec trong l\u1ec5 c\u00fang Hai B\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 b\u00e1nh d\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1o. L\u00faa\nt\u1ebb tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n nh\u1ee9t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII (B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p, 1980 v\u00e0 1999).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00faa t\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee7\ny\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh b\u1ed9t (amylose) trong h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o. G\u1ea1o t\u1ebb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t tinh\nb\u1ed9t (20-28%), c\u00f2n g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0-10% ch\u1ea5t amylose. Khi n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m, g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb n\u1edf\nnhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00faa t\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu\nc\u1ea7u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gia t\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong><em>\u1ede\ndi ch\u1ec9 An S\u01a1n (Long An)<\/em><\/strong>,\nm\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 MicroCT qua m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m\nch\u1ee9a v\u1ecf tr\u1ea5u c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e1 M\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nay 4 000 n\u0103m (Barron&nbsp;<em>v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean<\/em>, 2017). C\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft\nc\u00f3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa r\u1eaby tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean\nm\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li><li><strong><em>Trong\ndi ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(c\u00e1ch\nnay 3 500-3 000 n\u0103m), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o ch\u00e1y c\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong>, cho bi\u1ebft n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3\nd\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng. Theo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00d4ng \u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ebf Tu\u1ea5n (1988), c\u00f3 \u00edt\nnh\u1ee9t 6 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i di ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t thon\nd\u00e0i, thon ng\u1eafn (t\u1ebb), b\u1ea7u d\u00e0i, b\u1ea7u ng\u1eafn, tr\u00f2n d\u00e0i, tr\u00f2n ng\u1eafn (n\u1ebfp). \u1ede di ch\u1ec9\nTr\u00e0ng K\u00eanh (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng), h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea5n hoa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc,\nc\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 3 405 \u00b1 50 n\u0103m (Nguy\u1ec5n Phan Quang v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0n, 2000). Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t\nl\u00faa c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf di ch\u1ec9 G\u00f2 Mun c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i C<sup>14<\/sup>&nbsp;l\u00e0 3 120 \u00b1 100 n\u0103m (Sakurai, 1987). H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng\nkh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t l\u00faa cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean\n\u0111\u1ea5t cao, thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p.<\/li><li><strong><em>T\u1eeb\nth\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII \u0111\u1ebfn II tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN<\/em><\/strong>, trong Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00faa n\u1ebfp c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb th\u1ebf quan\ntr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1nh ch\u01b0ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh d\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa\nr\u1eaby, l\u00faa ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u (l\u00faa n\u1ed5i), c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa thung l\u0169ng (l\u00faa\nn\u00e0), c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, s\u00f4ng M\u00e3, s\u00f4ng Chu v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng C\u1ea3; c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng\nl\u00faa \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm, l\u1ee1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed9n do\n\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quang c\u1ea3m.<\/li><li><strong><em>Th\u1ebf\nk\u1ef7 II sau CN<\/em><\/strong>, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa\nChi\u00eam, l\u00faa M\u00f9a, l\u00faa n\u1ebfp h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n, l\u00faa t\u1ebb, l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00faa r\u1eaby, l\u00faa na. Theo\ns\u00e1ch&nbsp;<em>Di v\u1eadt ch\u00ed<\/em>&nbsp;:&nbsp;<em>\u201cL\u00faa Giao ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng hai\nl\u1ea7n, v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d<\/em>. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1ee5 l\u00faa Chi\u00eam\n(th\u00e1ng 11-5) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quang c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u\n\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 l\u00faa chi\u00eam Di, chi\u00eam V\u00e0ng, T\u00e9p, C\u00fac\u2026. V\u1ee5 l\u00faa M\u00f9a (th\u00e1ng 6-11) l\u00e0\nv\u1ee5 l\u00faa ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u00f3\nquang c\u1ea3m \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. S\u00e1ch Di V\u1eadt Ch\u00ed ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201c<em>\u1ede Giao Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng hai v\u1ee5<\/em>\u201d.<\/li><li><strong><em>Th\u1ebf\nk\u1ef7 III sau CN<\/em><\/strong>, x\u1ee9 Giao Ch\u00e2u (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3\nGiao Ch\u1ec9)&nbsp;<em>\u201cc\u00f3 l\u00faa H\u1ed5 ch\u01b0\u1edbng (b\u00e0n tay h\u1ed5), l\u00faa T\u1eed mang\n(r\u00e2u t\u00eda), l\u00faa X\u00edch kho\u00e1ng (l\u00faa l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ecf). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u00f3 l\u00faa Thi\u1ec1n minh (l\u00faa ch\u00edn\nv\u00e0o v\u1ee5 ve k\u00eau), l\u00faa Th\u1ea5t nguy\u1ec7t th\u1ee5c (ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 7). C\u00f3 l\u00faa C\u00e1i h\u1ea1 b\u1ea1ch tr\u1ed3ng\nv\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 1, th\u00e1ng 5 g\u1eb7t; sau g\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc, th\u00e1ng 9 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00faa ch\u00edn. L\u00faa Thanh vu\nl\u1ea1i ch\u00edn v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 6. L\u00faa L\u0169y t\u1eed, l\u00faa B\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00edn v\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 7. Ba gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa\nn\u00e0y v\u1eeba to, v\u1eeba d\u00e0i, nh\u00e1nh l\u00faa d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c r\u01b0\u1ee1i, c\u00f3 \u1edf \u00cdch ch\u00e2u. L\u00faa C\u00e1nh c\u00f3 c\u00e1c\nlo\u1ea1i \u00d4 c\u00e1nh, H\u1eafc kho\u00e1ng, Thanh \u1ea3nh, H\u1ea1 b\u1ea1ch\u201d (<\/em>S\u00e1ch&nbsp;<em>Qu\u1ea3ng ch\u00ed<\/em>&nbsp;theo L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n, 2003)<em>.<\/em><\/li><li><strong><em>Th\u1ebf\nk\u1ef7 X v\u00e0 XI<\/em><\/strong>, c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa (\u0110\u1ea1o)\nc\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa Ti\u00ean hay l\u00faa Chi\u00eam. L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII) vi\u1ebft:&nbsp;<em>\u201c\u2026c\u00f2n l\u00faa C\u00e1i h\u1ea1 b\u1ea1ch th\u00ec m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (998-1022) nh\u00e0\nT\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi sai s\u1ee9 sang Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y 3 v\u1ea1n h\u1ed9c l\u00faa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111em v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c\n\u0111\u1ea1o (c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh) n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u1ea5y. Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean (th\u1ee9 l\u00faa 8\nc\u00e1nh, ch\u00edn s\u1edbm)\u201d.<\/em>&nbsp;L\u00faa Chi\u00eam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng: L\u00faa Ti\u00ean t\u1eed\nhay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng li\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t th\u00f3c to, l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1ea5u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecf. G\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf,\ntr\u1eafng, c\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng 4 g\u1eb7t th\u00e1ng 6 g\u1ecdi gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u201c<em>60 ng\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d. G\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecf\nch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa \u201c<em>80 ng\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3\ngi\u1ed1ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa \u201c<em>100 ng\u00e0y<\/em>\u201d (Ho, 1969\nv\u00e0 theo B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p, 1980). D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Chi\u00eam n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n\nTrung (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc), tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Chi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3\ndu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 9-10 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/li><li><strong><em>Gi\u1eefa\nth\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII<\/em><\/strong>,&nbsp;<em>\u201c\u1ede L\u0129nh Nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f3c t\u1ebb, m\u00e0 \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n th\u00f3c\nn\u1ebfp \u1edf An Nam c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp tr\u1eafng, n\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 10 gi\u1ed1ng; h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb n\u1ea5u\nc\u01a1m \u0103n v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;(S\u00e1ch&nbsp;<em>Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng t\u00e2n ng\u1eef<\/em>&nbsp;theo B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p, 1980 v\u00e0 L\u00ea\nQu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n, 2003).<\/li><li><strong><em>Cu\u1ed1i\nth\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII<\/em><\/strong>, L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 quan\ns\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 70 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa ra l\u00e0m: 27 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa m\u00f9a, 14 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Chi\u00eam v\u00e0\n29 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u1ebfp. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn 1980, h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u1eabn\nc\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 T\u00e1m xoan \u1edf H\u00e0 B\u1eafc; l\u00faa Th\u00f4ng \u1edf Nam Ninh, Thanh H\u00f3a; T\u00e1m r\u00e2u\n\u1edf H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; B\u00e1t ngo\u1ea1t \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 T\u1ec9nh; Chi\u00eam b\u1ea7u \u1edf V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa, H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng,\u2026(B\u00f9i Huy\n\u0110\u00e1p, 1980). L\u00ea Qu\u00ed \u0110\u00f4n (2003) \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa nh\u01b0\nsau:&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u201c<em>L\u00faa Th\u00f4ng: c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, y\u1ebfu,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nT\u00e1m canh hay T\u00e1 qu\u1ea3ng: c\u00e2y cao, qu\u1ea3 sai,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nHi\u00ean: c\u00e2y cao b\u00f4ng d\u00e0i,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nChi\u00eam hom c\u00f3 3 gi\u1ed1ng: m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f3 r\u00e2u; m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t m\u1ecfng\nkh\u00f4ng r\u00e2u; m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t to \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 r\u00e2u,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nS\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, Chi\u00eam di: c\u00e2y nh\u1ecf, y\u1ebfu, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nT\u00e1m tr\u00e2u, B\u1ed3 lo, Th\u1ea1ch, Mang hai, l\u00faa B\u1ed9t: c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nChi\u00eam v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00faa \u0110\u0103ng s\u01a1n: c\u00e2y c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5.<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nM\u00e2n s\u01a1n, l\u00faa C\u00e2u, l\u00faa Ba tr\u0103ng, S\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, M\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebb, l\u00faa L\u1ed1c: ch\u00edn s\u1edbm<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nTh\u1ea1ch: ch\u00edn mu\u1ed9n,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nChi\u00eam d\u1ef1, l\u00faa Hoa gi\u1ec1ng: b\u00f4ng th\u01b0a,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nN\u00e0ng hai, l\u00faa B\u1ed9t: h\u1ea1t chi ch\u00edt, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c;<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nNgh\u1ec7: h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nN\u1ea5m: H\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n to, c\u00f3 r\u00e2u, nh\u1eb5n,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nT\u00e1m tr\u00e2u: h\u1ea1t v\u1eeba v\u00e0ng v\u1eeba \u0111en,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nn\u1ebfp \u0111en: hoa l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nV\u01b0\u01a1n c\u1ed5, l\u00faa H\u00f9ng: b\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi l\u00e1, l\u00faa tr\u1ed5 khoe b\u00f4ng,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nn\u1ebfp l\u00f9n: b\u00f4ng l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ra kh\u1ecfi ngo\u00e0i l\u00e1 hay l\u00faa tr\u1ed5 d\u1ea5u b\u00f4ng,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nC\u00e1i h\u1ea1 b\u1ea1ch: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebb ch\u00e9t,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nChi\u00eam di, l\u00faa Gi\u00e9 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00faa Hom: ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nT\u00e1m hom, l\u00faa C\u00e2u: c\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9ng cao,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nT\u00e1m sinh, l\u00faa M\u00edt, L\u00faa Hoa gi\u1ec1ng, l\u00faa L\u1ed1c: n\u1ea9y ch\u1ed3i nhanh<\/em>\u201d.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mi\u1ec1n Trung<\/strong>, L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn trong Ph\u1ee7 Bi\u00ean T\u1ea1p\nL\u1ee5c:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u201c<em>\u1ede Tri\u1ec7u Phong c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp K\u1ef3 l\u00e2n, n\u1ebfp Su\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfp H\u1ea1t cau, n\u1ebfp H\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea7u,\nn\u1ebfp \u00d4ng l\u00e3o, n\u1ebfp Tr\u00e2u (c\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng 11 g\u1eb7t th\u00e1ng 4). L\u00faa t\u1ebb g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 l\u00faa S\u00fa, l\u00faa\nChi\u00eam, l\u00faa H\u1ebbo, l\u00faa Xung, l\u00faa T\u00e1m, l\u00faa Vi\u00ean, l\u00faa v\u1ee5 8\u2026<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u1ede\nHuy\u1ec7n Minh Linh c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp B\u00f2, n\u1ebfp M\u00edt, n\u1ebfp R\u00e2u. L\u00faa t\u1ebb c\u00f3 Ba b\u1ea3, l\u00faa Chi\u00eam ch\u1ecbu\nn\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, l\u00faa Ch\u0103m b\u1ecdc, l\u00faa Ch\u0103m xa, l\u00faa H\u1ebbo.<\/em><\/li><li><em>\u1ede\nHuy\u1ec7n L\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp M\u0103ng, n\u1ebfp Nh\u1ef1a, n\u1ebfp H\u1ea1t cau, L\u00faa t\u1ebb c\u00f3 B\u00e1t ngo\u1ea1t, gi\u1ed1ng\nCh\u0103m h\u00f3t, l\u00faa H\u1ebbo<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/em><\/strong>, \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp n\u1ed5i\nti\u1ebfng (Phan Huy Ch\u00fa, 1821):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u201c<em>L\u00faa t\u1ebb M\u1eafc c\u1eedi: h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e0i, tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t th\u01a1m,<\/em><\/li><li><em>L\u00faa\nn\u1ebfp M\u01b0\u1edbp: h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn, d\u00e0i, tr\u1eafng th\u01a1m v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo,<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u1ebfp\nM\u00e2y: h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o d\u00e0i, l\u1edbn, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo,<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u1ebfp\nThan: h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf \u0111en v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo,<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u1ebfp\nTre: h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 hoa tre,<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u1ebfp\nS\u00e1p.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5 gieo m\u1ea1, th\u00e1ng 7\nc\u1ea5y, th\u00e1ng 11 g\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 m\u1edbi xong, th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0m th\u00f3c<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Gia Long (1802-1820),\nS\u00e1ch Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng Ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c (2005) \u0111\u00e3 ghi: \u201c<em>Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng, th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0: l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, c\u00e1 mu\u1ed1i, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7,\nchim mu\u00f4ng. L\u00faa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i:&nbsp;<strong>l\u00faa Canh<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>l\u00faa\nThu\u1eadt<\/strong>, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 xen l\u00faa d\u1ebbo. L\u00faa Canh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00faa kh\u00f4ng d\u1ebbo, h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o nh\u1ecf,\nc\u01a1m m\u1ec1m, m\u00f9i r\u1ea5t th\u01a1m, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00faa c\u00f3 c\u00e1i mang (\u0111u\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t l\u00faa); l\u00faa Thu\u1eadt\nl\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00faa d\u1ebbo, h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 l\u1edbn. L\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 l\u00faa T\u00e0u, l\u00faa M\u00f3ng tay,\nl\u00faa M\u00f3ng chim, l\u00faa M\u00f4 c\u1ea3i, l\u00faa C\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4ng, l\u00faa C\u00e0 nhe, l\u00faa Tr\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00faa Ch\u00e0ng\nco, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1edbm, mu\u1ed9n, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ebbo kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9\nngon \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa T\u00e0u, th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa C\u00e0 nhe.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>N\u1ebfp c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp H\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfp S\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u1ebfp \u0110en,\nc\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 n\u1ebfp Than, s\u1eafc t\u00edm, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t \u0111en, d\u00f9ng nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, khi \u0103n\nkh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e3, l\u1ea5y ch\u00f5 x\u00f4i h\u1ea5p cho ch\u00edn, nh\u01a1n khi c\u00f2n n\u00f3ng r\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee1 heo, l\u00e1 h\u00e0nh\nv\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng, tr\u1ed9n cho \u0111\u1ec1u, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n<\/em>.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa t\u1ebb v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng (\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed, tr 241). C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c Mi\u1ec1n Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em v\u00e0o Mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0 l\u00faa Th\u01a1m, l\u00faa Chi\u00eam, l\u00faa M\u00f3ng chim, l\u00faa Man, l\u00faa H\u1ebbo tr\u1eafng (H\u1ebbo r\u1eb1n), l\u00faa C\u00e1nh, l\u00faa Ba tr\u0103ng, l\u00faa B\u00e1t ngo\u1ea1t, l\u00faa Tr\u1eafng, l\u00faa Dung, l\u00faa \u0110en, l\u00faa Ch\u00e0y ch\u00e0y; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 n\u1ebfp Voi, n\u1ebfp Cau, n\u1ebfp B\u00f2, n\u1ebfp V\u1eb1n, n\u1ebfp B\u1ee5t, n\u1ebfp K\u1ef3 l\u00e2n, n\u1ebfp H\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfp C\u00fat, n\u1ebfp C\u00f2, n\u1ebfp C\u00e1i, n\u1ebfp Than, n\u1ebfp L\u1ee5a, n\u1ebfp S\u00e1p, n\u1ebfp Tr\u1ee9ng (Hu\u1ef3nh L\u1ee9a&nbsp;<em>v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean<\/em>, 1987).&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/em>&nbsp;(th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920-30)<\/strong>, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 1 200-2 000 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa, trong \u0111\u00f3 Mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 800 gi\u1ed1ng (Carle, 1927) v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 300 gi\u1ed1ng (Dumont, 1995) (H\u00ecnh 1). \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, trong h\u01a1n 300 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 100 gi\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<em>l\u00faa th\u00e1ng N\u0103m<\/em>, 200 gi\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<em>l\u00faa th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1edd<\/em>i, \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u201c<em>Ba tr\u0103ng<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;<em>l\u00faa n\u1ebfp<\/em>&nbsp;(Dumont, 1995). Theo kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, l\u00faa th\u00e1ng N\u0103m (v\u1ee5 Chi\u00eam) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 nh\u00f3m t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh c\u1ea5p 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p 2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e9 l\u00faa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nh\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t \u00edt:<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa T\u00e9p, S\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Chanh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nh\u00e1nh \u00edt :<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa B\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nh\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u:<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Hom v\u00e0 C\u00fat&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00faa th\u00e1ng N\u0103m hay l\u00faa Chi\u00eam:<\/em>&nbsp;Th\u1eddi gian sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo ng\u00e0y gieo m\u1ea1 v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 180 \u0111\u1ebfn 230 ng\u00e0y, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 2 \u2013 3 t\/ha, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u01b0 Chanh, T\u00e9p, C\u00fat v\u00e0 v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp \u1edf H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00faa C\u00fat v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp ch\u1ed1ng ng\u00e3. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, v\u1ee5 \u0110\u00f4ng-xu\u00e2n v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm (hay \u201cl\u00faa Chi\u00eam\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2 000 n\u0103m nay, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00f9a l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. V\u1ee5 l\u00faa Chi\u00eam \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi (B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p, 1980), nh\u01b0ng nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1ee5 Chi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. Trong L\u1ecbch Tri\u1ec1u Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00d4ng Phan Huy Ch\u00fa ghi r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee7 Tri\u1ec7u B\u00ecnh \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, ph\u00eda nam gi\u00e1p Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, c\u00f3 \u00edt ru\u1ed9ng m\u00f9a, nhi\u1ec1u ru\u1ed9ng Chi\u00eam. V\u1ee5 Chi\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u00f9a ch\u00ednh c\u00f2n v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i m\u00f9a. \u1ede Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa Chi\u00eam g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00faa Champa, g\u1ed1c Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo m\u1ea1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a ph\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a ch\u00ednh (Tr\u1ea7n Gia Ph\u1ee5ng, 2000).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>L\u00faa Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi hay l\u00faa M\u00f9a:<\/em>&nbsp;L\u00faa\nn\u00e0y ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00faa th\u00e1ng N\u0103m do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng quang c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 130 \u0111\u1ebfn 180 ng\u00e0y,\ng\u1ed3m c\u00f3 (Dumond, 1995):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nh\u00f3m&nbsp;<em>l\u00faa T\u00e1m<\/em>: T\u00e1m l\u00f9n, T\u00e1m canh, T\u00e1m xoan;<\/li><li>Nh\u00f3m&nbsp;<em>l\u00faa D\u00e9<\/em>: D\u00e9 bun hay D\u00e9 mu\u1ed9n;<\/li><li>Nh\u00f3m&nbsp;<em>n\u1ebfp con<\/em>: n\u1ebfp V\u00e2n, n\u1ebfp Th\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfp Danh, n\u1ebfp Ru\u1ed3i.<\/li><li><em>Nh\u1eefng\ngi\u1ed1ng s\u1edbm t\u1ed1t<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m D\u00e9,\nnh\u00f3m T\u00e1m (T\u00e1m canh), S\u1edbm tr\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c H\u00f4ng; S\u1edbm giai ho\u1eb7c Tr\u00fac.<\/li><li><em>M\u1ed9t\ns\u1ed1 l\u00faa mu\u1ed9n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao\nv\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0: l\u00faa Hon, r\u00e2u tr\u1eafng, r\u00e2u \u0111en. l\u00faa Ngh\u1ec7.<\/li><li><em>Nh\u1eefng\nlo\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp<\/em>&nbsp;c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng\nsu\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn 3 t\/ha nh\u01b0: Hin \u0111\u1ecf, Hin tr\u1eafng, D\u00e9 \u0111en, D\u00e9 \u0111\u1ecf, n\u1ebfp Th\u1ea7u\nd\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfp C\u00e1i d\u1ed9c. \u1ede S\u01a1n T\u00e2y c\u00f3 D\u00e9 s\u1edbm, D\u00e9 \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 T\u00e1m l\u00f9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00faa Chi\u00eam th\u00ec c\u1ea5y cho s\u00e2u,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00faa M\u00f9a th\u00ec g\u00e3y c\u00e0nh d\u00e2u l\u00e0\nv\u1eeba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00faa Chi\u00eam \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u ch\u00f4n ch\u1eb7t,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u00faa M\u00f9a v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eeba \u0111i.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u25cf&nbsp;<strong><em>Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920<\/em><\/strong>,\nTrung T\u00e2m Th\u00ed Nghi\u1ec7m L\u00faa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 \u1edf C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng\n\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 (B\u1ea3ng 1) (Tr\u1ea7n v\u0103n H\u1eefu, 1927):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 1: C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn\nv\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1920<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Ba tr\u0103ng\n  B\u00f4ng d\u1eeba\n  B\u00f4ng d\u00e2u\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung \u0111\u00e1\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung b\u00f4ng d\u00e2u\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung b\u00f4ng chanh\n  \u0110ung ti\u00ean\n  Hu\u00ea k\u1ef3\n  L\u00faa ng\u00e0\n  L\u00faa hon\n  M\u00f3ng tay\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng G\u1ed3ng\n  N\u00e0ng G\u1ed3ng tr\u1eafng\n  N\u00e0ng hu\u1edbt tr\u1eafng\n  N\u00e0ng b\u00e8\n  N\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc ch\u00f9m\n  Ph\u1ee5ng ti\u00ean\n  R\u1ea1 m\u00e0y\n  R\u1ea1 ni\u00eau\n  R\u1ea1 ch\u00f9m\n  T\u00e0u ch\u00e9n\n  Tr\u0103ng l\u1edbn\n  Tr\u0103ng nh\u1ecf\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong><em>\u25cf V\u00e0o th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950 v\u00e0 60<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp;N\u0103m 1952, Vi\u1ec7t Nam (C\u1ee5c T\u00fac M\u1ec5 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng) \u0111\u00e3\ntham gia v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Catalogue Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Ngu\u1ed3n Gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi \u1ee6y\nBan L\u00faa G\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf International Rice Commission \u2013 IRC) thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng\nN\u00f4ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (FAO), Rome, qua cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 78 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh\nc\u1ee7a 51 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n (g\u1ed3m ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u00e2u\nb\u1ec7nh, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t) (FAO, 1952). M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c\nt\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb 0-2 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb 0-9 (B\u1ea3ng 2).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 2: C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn\nc\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong Catalogue th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>GI\u1ed0NG L\u00daA<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Ba bo ti S7\n  <\/td><td>\n  H\u1ed3ng x\u00f4i B R 31\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u1ebfp hoa v\u00e0ng 830\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Ba Monh ti S6\n  <\/td><td>\n  H\u1ecdp V A\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u1ebfp tr\u1ee9ng v\u1ecbt G5\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  B\u00e0u 157\n  <\/td><td>\n  L\u00faa uoi R 87\n  <\/td><td>\n  Prey keo E 53\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  B\u00f4ng sen \u0111en 2R10\n  <\/td><td>\n  M\u00f3ng chi\u00eam R 58\n  <\/td><td>\n  Puang ngeon E 49\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung G\u00f2 c\u00f4ng 111 R22\n  <\/td><td>\n  M\u00f3ng tay trung B2R1i\n  <\/td><td>\n  R\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng 2R5\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung k\u1ebft R26\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng co tr\u1eafng R 10\n  <\/td><td>\n  Ru X 11 C\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  C\u00e0 \u0111ung ph\u00e8n R29\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng \u1ebfch 2R6\n  <\/td><td>\n  Sa mo R 78\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Cau 264\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng \u1ebfch R73\n  <\/td><td>\n  S\u00f3c \u0111\u1ecf R 90\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Chi\u00eam chanh 198A\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng keo R138\n  <\/td><td>\n  S\u00f3c n\u00e2u R 42\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5ng R 37\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng ph\u1ec7t mu\u1ed9n R18\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e1m \u0111en 516 A\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5ng l\u00f9n A R16\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng qu\u1edbt R 59\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e0u b\u1eafc R 80\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Gi\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng qu\u1edbt R 79\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e0u binh C F18\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Gi\u00e0u cao 89 B\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng r\u1eebng F6\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e0u ch\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c R 53\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  D\u00e9 n\u1ed5i 33 B\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u00e0ng t\u00e2y nh\u1ecf C F15\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e9p S\u00e0i g\u00f2n 229\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Gi\u1ed3ng chi\u00eam 351\n  <\/td><td>\n  Neang Veng 339 E 23\n  <\/td><td>\n  Ti\u00eau b\u00e9 R 3\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  Hin tr\u1eafng\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u1ebfp C\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng 728\n  <\/td><td>\n  Tunsart R 96\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  H\u1ed3ng x\u00f4i R 88\n  <\/td><td>\n  N\u1ebfp co G7\n  <\/td><td>\n  V\u00e9 v\u00e0ng R 96\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1ee6y Ban L\u00faa G\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nth\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1949 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 62 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa quan tr\u1ecdng\ntr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tham d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0 K\u00fd \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh<a href=\"https:\/\/viethocjournal.com\/2019\/12\/cac-giong-lua-trong-o-vn-tu-thoi-nguyen-thuy-den-hien-dai\/#post-9171-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c FAO, Rome. Vi\u1ec7t Nam\nl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y Ban. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn\ngi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Xanh (th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 v\u00e0 80) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong B\u1ea3ng\n2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ri\u00eang t\u1ec9nh Ti\u1ec1n Giang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba\nph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CMX nh\u01b0 sau (Hu\u1ef3nh Minh, 2000):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>L\u00faa s\u1edbm:<\/em>&nbsp;Puang-ngeon,\n     Sa-mo r\u1eb1n, Sa-mo tr\u1eafng, L\u00faa xi\u00eam, N\u00e0ng c\u00f3c, C\u00e0- \u0111ung s\u1edbm, L\u00faa ti\u00eau, L\u00faa\n     nhum, C\u00e0-\u0111ung k\u1ebft.<\/li><li><em>L\u00faa l\u1ee1:<\/em>&nbsp;N\u00e0ng\n     qu\u1edbt, Ba xuy\u00ean, Chim ngh\u1ec7, C\u00e0 l\u00e2y, L\u00faa n\u1ed1i, N\u00e0ng lai, Nanh ch\u1ed3n, M\u00f3ng\n     chim, N\u00e0ng m\u00e2u, N\u00e0ng vu, N\u00e0ng co l\u1ee1, \u0110\u1ed1c v\u00e0ng.<\/li><li><em>L\u00faa m\u00f9a:<\/em>&nbsp;N\u00e0ng\n     r\u00e0, N\u00e0ng phi\u1ec7t, N\u00e0ng g\u1ed3ng, N\u00e0ng co m\u00f9a, S\u00f3c n\u00e2u, Tr\u1eafng nh\u1ecf, T\u00e0u h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00faa\n     Ch\u00f9m, l\u00faa Soi, l\u00faa M\u00f3ng ch\u00f9m, L\u00faa nh\u1ecf, Ch\u00f9m mai, Ch\u00f9m m\u00f9a, B\u00f4ng sen, C\u00e0\n     \u0111ung.<\/li><li><em>L\u00faa mu\u1ed9n:<\/em>&nbsp;L\u00faa\n     Sa v\u00fat, V\u00e9 v\u00e0ng, N\u00e0ng th\u01a1m, T\u00e0u ch\u00e9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>\u25cf T\u1eeb th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn\nnay:&nbsp;<\/strong>C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng\nc\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa cao n\u0103ng, nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf\ntrong n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2m canh to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;<strong><em>Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc:<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;m\u1ed9t\ns\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>\u2013 Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi:<\/em>&nbsp;79-1, A,\nCR01, CR02, CR203, DH60, DONG 256, Xu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 4, N28, C70, C71, C180, V1814, V18,\nDT10, IR17494, T\u00e1m th\u01a1m, Khang D\u00e2n, Q5\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>\u2013 Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa lai:<\/em>&nbsp;V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\ntr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa lai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean 100 ha d\u1ecdc theo bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t-Trung, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf\nt\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a l\u00faa lai, B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t\nTri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng Th\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp\nn\u1ed9i t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan FAO qua li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp hai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\nl\u00faa lai v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992-93 v\u00e0 1996-98. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00faa lai t\u0103ng nhanh t\u1eeb 11.137 ha\ntrong 1992 l\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ha trong n\u0103m 2008, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 Mi\u1ec1n\nTrung. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa lai \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn\n\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Bangladesh, Philippines v\u00e0 Indonesia nh\u01b0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1\nnhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng F1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa lai \u0111ang ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0\nMi\u1ec1n Trung g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em>Gi\u1ed1ng\nnh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i:<\/em>&nbsp;Nh\u00f3m gi\u1ed1ng 3\nd\u00f2ng: Gi\u1ed1ng S\u00e1n \u01b0u 63, S\u00e1n \u01b0u 93, S\u00e1n \u01b0u qu\u1ebf 99, Boyou 64, Nh\u1ecb \u01b0u 63, Nh\u1ecb \u01b0u\n838, B\u00e1c \u01b0u 63, B\u00e1c \u01b0u 903, S\u00e1n \u01b0u qu\u1ea3ng 12, \u0110\u1eb7c \u01b0u 63, Tr\u00fac long, Bio 404\u2026\nNh\u00f3m gi\u1ed1ng 2 d\u00f2ng: B\u1ed3i t\u1ea1p S\u01a1n thanh, B\u1ed3i t\u1ea1p 49\u2026<\/li><li><em>Gi\u1ed1ng\nlai t\u1ea1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/em>&nbsp;HYT 56, HYT57,\nHYT82, HYT84, HYT100, VN01\/212, TM4, TH2, TH3, TH3-3, TH5-1, Vi\u1ec7t lai (VL) 20, VL24,\nVL50, VL75\u2026&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(ii)&nbsp;<strong><em>Mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung ph\u1ea7n<\/em>:<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng\ntrong \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2000 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 (B\u1ea3ng 3, 4 v\u00e0 5):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm:<\/em>&nbsp;OM 1490, OM 1723, IR 64, OM 1706, VND\n95-20, IR 50404, MTL 145, MTL 250, OMCS 94, OM CS 96, OM 997, OM 2031, OM 1633,\nIR 26579, IR 62032.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa l\u1ee1:<\/em>&nbsp;IR 42, OM 723, OM 916, OM 922, TH\u0110B (T\u00e9p\nh\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa r\u1eaby<\/em>&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0: B\u00e0i thai h\u1ed3ng, BC35-12,\nC22, H\u00e0 lan, KN96, LC90-5, IR4768-1-5-1-1 (ho\u1eb7c LC 88-67-1).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 63 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\ntr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0110BSCL, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng OM1490, OMCS 2000, VN\u0110\n95-20, OM576, Jasmine 85, OM2517, OM 576, IR50404, IR 64, Khaw Dawk Mali, Hom\nMali (Th\u00e1i Lan), VD10, VD 20 (\u0110\u00e0i Loan), \u0110\u00e0i Th\u01a1m, T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean, N\u00e0ng Hoa 9, N\u00e0ng\nXu\u00e2n, Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u, H\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e0i, ST, OM 4900\u2026 (<a href=\"https:\/\/clrri.org\/\"><em>https:\/\/clrri.org\/<\/em><\/a>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 3: C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa cao n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng\nb\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, (1999)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>T\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Chu k\u1ef3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng (ng\u00e0y)<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <em>Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa s\u1edbm<\/em>\n  <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 1490\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 606\/IR4592\n  <\/td><td>\n  90\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 1723\n  <\/td><td>\n  KSB 54\/IR 50401\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  IR 64\n  <\/td><td>\n  IRRI\n  <\/td><td>\n  105\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 1706\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 90\/OM 33-1\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  VND 95-20\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 64 ng\u1ea9u bi\u1ebfn\n  <\/td><td>\n  105\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  IR 50404\n  <\/td><td>\n  IRRI\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  MTL 145\n  <\/td><td>\n  \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  MTL 250\n  <\/td><td>\n  \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OMCS 94\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR59606-119\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  IR 56279\n  <\/td><td>\n  IRRI\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OMCS 96\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 269\/IR 266\n  <\/td><td>\n  90\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 997\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 554\/IR 50401\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  IR 62032\n  <\/td><td>\n  IRRI\n  <\/td><td>\n  105\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 2031\n  <\/td><td>\n  L\u00faa Th\u00e1i Lan\/B\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1eddng\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 1633\n  <\/td><td>\n  NN6A\/IR32843\n  <\/td><td>\n  95\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  <em>Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa l\u1ee1<\/em>\n  <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  IR 42\n  <\/td><td>\n  IRRI\n  <\/td><td>\n  135\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 723\n  <\/td><td>\n  NN6A\/A 69-1\n  <\/td><td>\n  130\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 916\n  <\/td><td>\n  BG 380-2\/\u00c29-1\n  <\/td><td>\n  130\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  OM 922\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR29723\/BR4\n  <\/td><td>\n  125\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  THDB\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ng\u1ea9u bi\u1ebfn\n  <\/td><td>\n  130\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">&nbsp;<em>Ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>: B\u00f9i B\u00e1 B\u1ed5ng,\n2000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ea3ng 4: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nc\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa m\u1edbi<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  <strong>Stt<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>T\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>N\u0103m<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Stt<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>T\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>N\u0103m<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  01\n  <\/td><td>\n  NN 4B\n  <\/td><td>\n  1985\n  <\/td><td>\n  22\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0110B\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  02\n  <\/td><td>\n  NN 5 B\n  <\/td><td>\n  1985\n  <\/td><td>\n  23\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 95-5\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  03\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 89\n  <\/td><td>\n  1987\n  <\/td><td>\n  24\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM Fi 1\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  04\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 80\n  <\/td><td>\n  1987\n  <\/td><td>\n  25\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1706\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  05\n  <\/td><td>\n  TN 108\n  <\/td><td>\n  1988\n  <\/td><td>\n  26\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1723\n  <\/td><td>\n  1999\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  06\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 86-9\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  27\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM1490\n  <\/td><td>\n  1999\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  07\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 66\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  28\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1633\n  <\/td><td>\n  1999\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  08\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 576-18\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  29\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2031\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  09\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 19660\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  30\n  <\/td><td>\n  CM 16-27\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  10\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 597\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  31\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 2000\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  11\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 90-9\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  32\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1348-9\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  12\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 90-2\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  33\n  <\/td><td>\n  AS 996\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  13\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 29723\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  34\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 3536\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  14\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 269-65\n  <\/td><td>\n  1993\n  <\/td><td>\n  35\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2395\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  15\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 49517-23\n  <\/td><td>\n  1993\n  <\/td><td>\n  36\n  <\/td><td>\n  \u0110S 20\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  16\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 997-6\n  <\/td><td>\n  1994\n  <\/td><td>\n  37\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2717\n  <\/td><td>\n  2005\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  17\n  <\/td><td>\n  Khaw dak Mali\n  <\/td><td>\n  1994\n  <\/td><td>\n  38\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2514\n  <\/td><td>\n  2005\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  18\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 723 \u2013 7\n  <\/td><td>\n  1994\n  <\/td><td>\n  39\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2718\n  <\/td><td>\n  2005\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  19\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1589\n  <\/td><td>\n  1995\n  <\/td><td>\n  40\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4498\n  <\/td><td>\n  2007\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  20\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 94\n  <\/td><td>\n  1995\n  <\/td><td>\n  41\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 5930\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  21\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 62032\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ea3ng 5: Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\nc\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  &nbsp;<strong>Stt<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>T\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>N\u0103m<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>Stt<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>T\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng<\/strong>\n  <\/td><td>\n  <strong>N\u0103m<\/strong>\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  01\n  <\/td><td>\n  NN8A\n  <\/td><td>\n  1981\n  <\/td><td>\n  31\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM1633\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  02\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 33\n  <\/td><td>\n  1984\n  <\/td><td>\n  32\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM1726\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  03\n  <\/td><td>\n  Mashuri\n  <\/td><td>\n  1985\n  <\/td><td>\n  33\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM1271\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  04\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 91\n  <\/td><td>\n  1986\n  <\/td><td>\n  34\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 97\n  <\/td><td>\n  1999\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  05\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 90\n  <\/td><td>\n  1986\n  <\/td><td>\n  35\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2031\n  <\/td><td>\n  1999\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  06\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 88\n  <\/td><td>\n  1987\n  <\/td><td>\n  36\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 2000\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  07\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 68\n  <\/td><td>\n  1988\n  <\/td><td>\n  37\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2037\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  08\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 87-1\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  38\n  <\/td><td>\n  AS 996\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  09\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 87-9\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  39\n  <\/td><td>\n  CM 42-94\n  <\/td><td>\n  2000\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  10\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 7\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  40\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2395\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  11\n  <\/td><td>\n  M\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i tuy\u1ec3n\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  41\n  <\/td><td>\n  \u0110S 20\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  12\n  <\/td><td>\n  Tr\u1eafng ch\u00f9m\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  42\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1352-5\n  <\/td><td>\n  2002\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  13\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 44-5\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  43\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2717\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  14\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 606\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  44\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1352\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  15\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 87\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  45\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4495\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  16\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 43-26\n  <\/td><td>\n  1989\n  <\/td><td>\n  46\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2718\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  17\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 296\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  47\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2822\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  18\n  <\/td><td>\n  Nam)\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  48\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 3242\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  19\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 344\n  <\/td><td>\n  1990\n  <\/td><td>\n  49\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1351\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  20\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 723-11E\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  50\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 3405\n  <\/td><td>\n  2004\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  21\n  <\/td><td>\n  IR 72\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  51\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4498\n  <\/td><td>\n  2005\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  22\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 987 \u2013 1\n  <\/td><td>\n  1992\n  <\/td><td>\n  52\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 2008\n  <\/td><td>\n  2007\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  23\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1630-108\n  <\/td><td>\n  1994\n  <\/td><td>\n  53\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 5239\n  <\/td><td>\n  2007\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  24\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM861-20\n  <\/td><td>\n  1994\n  <\/td><td>\n  54\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 6073\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  25\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1055\n  <\/td><td>\n  1995\n  <\/td><td>\n  55\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4900\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  26\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 922\n  <\/td><td>\n  1995\n  <\/td><td>\n  56\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 5636\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  27\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 1270-49\n  <\/td><td>\n  1995\n  <\/td><td>\n  57\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4668\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  28\n  <\/td><td>\n  OMCS 96\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><td>\n  58\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 5199-1\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  29\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 95-3\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><td>\n  59\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 4059\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  30\n  <\/td><td>\n  T\u00e9p h\u00e0nh \u0110B\n  <\/td><td>\n  1997\n  <\/td><td>\n  60\n  <\/td><td>\n  OM 6561-12\n  <\/td><td>\n  2008\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">&nbsp;<em>Ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>: Vi\u1ec7n L\u00faa\n\u0110BSCL, 2010 (<a href=\"https:\/\/clrri.org\/\"><em>https:\/\/clrri.org\/<\/em><\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. TI<\/strong><strong>\u1ebeN<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;H<\/strong><strong>\u00d3A<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;DI\u1ec6N T<\/strong><strong>\u00cdCH<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;V<\/strong><strong>\u00c0<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;N<\/strong><strong>\u0102NG<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;SU<\/strong><strong>\u1ea4T<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;L\u00daA&nbsp;<\/strong>(Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ea1t, 2010)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c CMX cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t\nNam ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng gia di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103ng\nsu\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, v\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\ncu\u1ed9c Nam ti\u1ebfn, s\u1edbm nh\u1ee9t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp phong ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI khi\nvua L\u00fd Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4n \u0111em qu\u00e2n chinh ph\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1069. \u0110\u1ebfn 1697, n\u01b0\u1edbc\nChi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i C\u00e0 Mau n\u0103m\n1760. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0\nCMX, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n\nh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.1 Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa c\u1ee7a\nGiao Ch\u1ec9 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 216 000 ha. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1edbm nh\u1ee9t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua\nMinh M\u1ea1ng khi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi 4 063 892 m\u1eabu\n(1.105.200 ha) ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1836 (Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim, 1990). Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt\nnh\u1ee9t 60% l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa hay 663 120 ha. Sau \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp\nt\u1ee5c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1nh trong th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp, t\u1eeb 815 000 ha trong 1868\nl\u00ean h\u01a1n 7,7 tri\u1ec7u ha trong 2017 (B\u1ea3ng 6).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u1ea3ng 6: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa t\u1eeb Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I \u0111\u1ebfn\n2017<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I sau CN &lt;216.000 ha*&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1836: &gt;663.120 ha*&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1868: &gt; 815.000 ha*&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1912: 2.300.000 ha*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;1927: 4.373.000 ha**&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1930: 4.698.000 ha**&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1944: 4.862.000 ha**&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1961: 4.744.000 ha***&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980: 5.600.000 ha&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1990: 6.042.800 ha&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2000: 7.666.300 ha&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2010: 7.489.400 ha&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2017: 7.700.000 ha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong>&nbsp;*\nPh\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n (Tham chi\u1ebfu&nbsp;<em>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa\nn\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Kim Kh\u00ed)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n** Vi\u1ec7n N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n*** FAOSTAT 2017&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2013 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea,\n2017&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.2 N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 540 kg l\u00faa\/ha v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean 1t\/ha cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, 1,2t\/ha trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp phong ki\u1ebfn, 1,4 \u2013 2t\/ha trong th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, 3,2t\/ha n\u0103m 1990 v\u00e0 5,6t\/ha n\u0103m 2017 (B\u1ea3ng 7). S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u00edt ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ee9t cho c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c CMX v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ed5i M\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"> <strong>B\u1ea3ng 7: N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau CN \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>N\u0103m<\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\/ha<\/strong><\/td><td> <strong>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t <\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc\/sau CN<\/strong><\/td><td>0.54*<\/td><td>&#8211; Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa thu\u1ea7n h\u01a1n<br>&#8211; L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn 938 sau CN<\/strong><\/td><td>1,0** <\/td><td>&#8211; L\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y s\u1eaft<br>&#8211; Gi\u1ed1ng thu\u1ea7n h\u01a1n <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1900<\/strong><\/td><td>1,20<\/td><td>&#8211; Th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<br>&#8211; Canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1927 <\/strong><\/td><td>1,22<\/td><td>&#8211; Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1955<\/strong><\/td><td>1,43<\/td><td>&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n, h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u1ea1m <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1970<\/strong><\/td><td>2,10<\/td><td>&#8211; Canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>1990<\/strong><\/td><td>3,20<\/td><td>&#8211; Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa cao n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u1eeda-l\u00f9n <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>2009 <\/strong><\/td><td>5,20<\/td><td>&#8211; Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>2017<\/strong><\/td><td>5,60<\/td><td>&#8211; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1m <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/em>: * U\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**&nbsp;<\/strong>Theo n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa Trung Qu\u1ed1c (th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m qua, s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\n(hay l\u00faa c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n) t\u1eeb 1200-2000 gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 14.000\ngi\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00faa c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\ngian kh\u00e1 nhanh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3\nth\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n phong th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng Xanh v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y\nra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;<strong>x\u00f3i m\u00f2n di truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\nc\u00e1c nh\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, do n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt gi\u1ed1ng cao n\u0103ng\nv\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>l\u00faa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>\u201d \u0111\u1ec3\nthay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. L\u00faa hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 95%\nt\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng canh t\u00e1c l\u1edbn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf\nnh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen ng\u00e0y\nc\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn\nc\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\nlo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1o t\u1ebb, g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>l\u00faa g\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n<\/strong>, nh\u01b0 gao th\u01a1m, g\u1ea1o m\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, g\u1ea1o\nh\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1o GAP c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\n\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u\nc\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, kho\u1ea3ng 20% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c\nv\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa g\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3\nmang ngu\u1ed3n ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li> <strong>Barron, A.,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Turner%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Michael Turner<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Beeching%20L%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Levi Beeching<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Bellwood%20P%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Peter Bellwood<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Piper%20P%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Philip Piper<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Grono%20E%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Elle Grono<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Jones%20R%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Rebecca Jones<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Oxenham%20M%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Marc Oxenham<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Kien%20NK%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Nguyen Khanh Trung Kien<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Senden%20T%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Tim Senden<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=Denham%20T%5BAuthor%5D&amp;cauthor=true&amp;cauthor_uid=28785094\"><strong>Tim Denham<\/strong><\/a><strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong>2017. MicroCT reveals domesticated rice (Oryza sativa) within pottery sherds from early Neolithic sites (4150\u20133265\u2009cal BP) in Southeast Asia. (<em>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5547045\/<\/em>). <\/li><li><strong>B\u00f9i B\u00e1 B\u1ed5ng<\/strong>. 2000. Genetic improvement of rice varieties for the Mekong Delta of Vietnam: current status and future approaches. In&nbsp;<em>Proceedings of Rice Research and Development in Vietnam for the 21<sup>st<\/sup>&nbsp;Century \u2013 aspects of Vietnam \u2013 India, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 18-19 September 2000<\/em>, p 123-149.<\/li><li><strong>B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p.<\/strong>&nbsp;1980.&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. NXB Khoa H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 563 tr.<\/li><li><strong>B\u00f9i Huy \u0110\u00e1p.<\/strong>&nbsp;1999.&nbsp;<em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y l\u00faa<\/em>. NXB N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 154 tr.<\/li><li><strong>Carle, E<\/strong>. 1927.&nbsp;<em>Am\u00e9lioration des riz de Cochinchine<\/em>. Agence \u00c9conomique de l\u2019Indochine, Paris, France, 11 pp.<\/li><li><strong>Brenier, M.H.<\/strong>&nbsp;1917. Produits Alimentaires avec des notes, graphiques et cartes.&nbsp;<em>Catalogue des produits de l\u2019Indochine<\/em>&nbsp;par Ch. Crevost et Ch. Lemari\u00e9, Tome I.<\/li><li><strong>Dumont, R.<\/strong>&nbsp;1995.&nbsp;<em>La culture du riz dans le delta du Tonkin<\/em>. Printimg House in Bangkok, Thailand, pp 592.D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00edn. 2014. L\u00faa v\u1ee5 3 \u1edf \u0110BSCL: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa t\u0103ng v\u1ee5. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t online (<a href=\"https:\/\/nongnghiep.vn\/lua-vu-3-o-dbscl-san-xuat-lua-tang-vu-post130102.html\"><em>https:\/\/nongnghiep.vn\/lua-vu-3-o-dbscl-san-xuat-lua-tang-vu-post130102.html<\/em><\/a>).<\/li><li><strong>\u0110\u00e0o Th\u1ebf Tu\u1ea5n.<\/strong>&nbsp;1988. V\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o ch\u00e1y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1eadu (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac) n\u0103m 1984.&nbsp;<em>Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ed5 H\u1ecdc<\/em>, s\u1ed1 4, tr. 44-46.<\/li><li><strong>FAO.<\/strong>&nbsp;1952.&nbsp;<em>World Catalogue of Genetic Stocks \u2013 Rice<\/em>. Supplement No. 2, March 1952, FAO, Rome, pp 19.<\/li><li><strong>FAO,&nbsp;<\/strong>2000, 2010, 2017. FAOSTAT, Rome, Italy (in&nbsp;<em>https:\/\/www.fao.org<\/em>).<\/li><li><strong>Ho, P.T.<\/strong>&nbsp;1969. 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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (<a href=\"https:\/\/clrri.org\/\"><em>https:\/\/clrri.org\/<\/em><\/a>).<\/li><li><strong>Vi\u1ec7n N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf<\/strong>&nbsp;(International yearbook of Agricultural statistics), 1.927<\/li><li> <strong><em>TR\u1ea6N V\u0102N&nbsp;\u0110AT, PH.D<\/em><\/strong><em>.T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u01a1 quan FAO, Rome, t\u1eeb 1982-2004 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m Th\u01b0 K\u00fd \u0110i\u1ec1u H\u00e0nh \u1ee6y Ban L\u00faa G\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf (IRC) t\u1eeb 1993 \u0111\u1ebfn 2004.<\/em> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Ngu\u1ed3n: https:\/\/viethocjournal.com\/2019\/12\/cac-giong-lua-trong-o-vn-tu-thoi-nguyen-thuy-den-hien-dai\/ <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. M\u1ede \u0110\u1ea4U &nbsp;Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,23],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2959"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2959"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5032,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2959\/revisions\/5032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}