{"id":392,"date":"2017-02-27T08:45:10","date_gmt":"2017-02-27T01:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=392"},"modified":"2017-07-08T18:53:36","modified_gmt":"2017-07-08T11:53:36","slug":"phuong-phap-thu-thap-mau-vat-lam-tieu-ban-nguon-gen-thuc-vat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=392","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
\n

Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tri th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Traditional knowledge -TK) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n gen l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen. Song song v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thu th\u1eadp, khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, c\u00e1ch thu h\u00e1i, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n gen kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n gen m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111i k\u00e8m s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khai th\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n cho ngu\u1ed3n gen trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu th\u1eadp TK v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\u00a01. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u00ad li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, song c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– \u00a0V\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu bao g\u1ed3m:<\/em><\/p>\n

+ Gi\u1ea5y \u00e9p m\u1eabu c\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 30 x 40 cm (gi\u1ea5y b\u00e1o c\u0169); + Gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec7m m\u1eabu c\u00e2y: gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c b\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc; + C\u1eb7p g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1eabu c\u00e2y c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111eo; + Bao t\u00fai nil\u00f4ng: \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t\u2026<\/p>\n

+ Nh\u00e3n ghi v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfu m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi; + Gi\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c; + Th\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc d\u00e2y; + K\u00e9o c\u1eaft c\u00e0nh; + Dao nh\u1ee1 v\u00e0 dao nh\u1ecf; + Bay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o r\u1ec5, c\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thu m\u1eabu:<\/em><\/p>\n

+ S\u1ed1 l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu: B\u00ecnh th\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y 8 \u2013 10 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1eb9p theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e2y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01a1i xa th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

+ Ch\u1ea5t l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu: M\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u00adng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u00adng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, m\u1eabu b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf c\u00e2y c\u00f2i c\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf c\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y sinh ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ed3i non.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y th\u00e2n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y \u0103n s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e2y ra hoa qu\u1ea3 theo m\u00f9a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. Do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1ed5 sung. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e2y th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 hoa \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh (hoa \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hoa c\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ee7 2 lo\u1ea1i hoa. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh (ch\u1ec9 mang hoa \u0111\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 mang hoa c\u00e1i nh\u01b0\u00ad c\u00e2y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e2y g\u1ea5c) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu c\u1ea3 2 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u00e0: L\u1ea5y \u00edt lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang quy c\u00e1ch (\u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3ng) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

– Ghi ch\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi:<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec: s\u00ad\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 theo di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao; l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u tra theo \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u tra di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1ng sinh th\u00e1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng (n\u00fai cao, l\u00ad\u01b0ng n\u00fai, ch\u00e2n n\u00fai, v\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddn h\u1ed9, ru\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby\u2026). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (\u0111i\u1ec3m) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1ed7i \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ef3 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong r\u1eebng: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 100m2<\/sup><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 1 m2<\/sup><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 2 m2<\/sup><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 10-50m2<\/sup> t\u00f9y lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo c\u00e1c h\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, Nam, B\u1eafc<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00e9p: \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u00ad li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00e9p theo m\u1eabu quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111i \u0111i\u1ec1u tra:<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 :\u00a0 Phi\u1ebfu m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ed tr\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Ng\u00e0y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu:\u00a0\u00a0 – T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u00ad\u1eddng:<\/p>\n

– T\u00ean kh\u00e1c:\u00a0\u00a0 – Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y: – H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

– Khu v\u1ef1c sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng: – N\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh: – Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng:<\/p>\n

– T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng: – \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh: – Chi\u1ec1u cao d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n: – \u0110\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u00e1n c\u00e2y:- \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

+ R\u1ec5\u00a0 + Th\u00e2n+ L\u00e1 + Hoa + Qu\u1ea3 + H\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

-Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n

– T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu:<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u00ad\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m 2 ph\u1ea7n: X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

– X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9:<\/em><\/p>\n

+ Sau khi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa 2 l\u1edbp l\u1ea5y b\u00e1o vu\u1ed1t cho ph\u1eb3mg theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu v\u1eadt d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i, song tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 4-5 l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00fat \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb1n v\u1ebft l\u00ean nhau. N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (r\u1ec5, qu\u1ea3\u2026) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9n b\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00e2y s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb r\u01a1i, th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

+ Trong tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5p c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c v\u00e0i l\u00e1 v\u00e0 hoa \u0111\u1ec3 khi l\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 2 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 l\u00e1 k\u00e9p c\u1ea7n \u00e9p nhanh (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00e9p tr\u00ad\u1edbc khi c\u1eaft m\u1eabu) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e1 b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng, l\u00e1 c\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i sau khi thu h\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

+ \u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i l\u00e1 c\u00e2y r\u1ea5t to, v\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3t kh\u1ed5 gi\u1ea5y \u00e9p th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u00e1, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa l\u00e1. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u1eaft b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t, b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c 4-5 m\u1eabu th\u00ec g\u1ea5p c\u1eb7p g\u1ed7 l\u1ea1i, bu\u1ed9c gi\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ada v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u00e9p sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 – L\u00e0m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/p>\n

Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt:<\/p>\n

+ \u00c9p m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh .<\/p>\n

+ L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a n\u1eafng, ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u1ea9m m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thay gi\u1ea5y trong c\u1eb7p \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt mau kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n tre ho\u1eb7c x\u1ebfp g\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m b\u1ec7 x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. Khi ph\u01a1i, x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u00e9p m\u1eabu v\u1eadt theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebfch v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng \u2013 t\u00e2y. Khi n\u1eafng to 1-2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00f4\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7i, \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u, b\u1ebfp gas, b\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u00ad\u01b0u t\u1eadp, l\u00ad\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1eabu v\u1eadt… c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt: l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y, t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y, ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u: duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (40-50\u00b0C) v\u00e0 thay gi\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

– Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 + <\/strong>H\u1ed9p ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, c\u1eaft, x\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn: R\u1ec5, th\u00e2n, l\u00e1, hoa, qu\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p c\u00e1c-t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f3t l\u1edbp b\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eafng s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Sau khi x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n \u1edf g\u00f3c d\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p. Nh\u00e3n ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 7×10 cm, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0\u00ad sau:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/u><\/em><\/strong>:\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/u><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ecd:<\/p>\n

T\u00ean c\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i thu h\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y thu h\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00ad\u1eddi thu h\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

+ Bao ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u00ad\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng, th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng d\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc 30×42 cm. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng kim ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng d\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u00ad\u1edbc m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, trang tr\u00ed cho m\u1eabu v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddm r\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e2u \u0111\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kim ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng d\u00ednh c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ednh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n g\u1eafn t\u1ea1i g\u00f3c d\u00ad\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0\u00ad trong h\u1ed9p ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu v\u1eadt nh\u01b0\u00ad v\u1eady c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e1o b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng b\u00eca ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nhau khi x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c bao ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00ad\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo 1 b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Phi\u1ebfu m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1eabu c\u00e2y s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u00ad\u1eddng:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u00ad\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ecdc c\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

R\u1ec5:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00e2n:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0L\u00e1:<\/p>\n

Hoa:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Qu\u1ea3:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 H\u1ea1t:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chi\u1ec1u cao, d\u00e0i:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh tr\u01b0\u00ad\u1edfng\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c\u00a0 qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0; Ng\u00e0y l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0;Ng\u00ad\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y \u2026. th\u00e1ng \u2026. n\u0103m \u2026..<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

PGS.TS.Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tri th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[33],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1156,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions\/1156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}