{"id":463,"date":"2017-02-28T14:16:43","date_gmt":"2017-02-28T07:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=463"},"modified":"2017-02-28T14:16:43","modified_gmt":"2017-02-28T07:16:43","slug":"cay-rau-chua-hibiscus-sabdariffa-l-va-ky-thuat-gieo-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=463","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2y rau chua (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
I. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 <\/strong>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>C\u00e2y rau chua (Hibiscus sabdariffa <\/em>L.<\/em>) thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd b\u00f4ng (Malvaceae), c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Indonesia, Th\u00e1i Lan, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, B\u0103ngla\u0111et v\u00e0 Malaysia.
\n\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, Hibiscus sabdariffa <\/em>L. ngo\u00e0i t\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 rau Chua, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Gi\u1ea5m, \u0110ay Nh\u1eadt, B\u1ee5t Gi\u1ea5m, Gi\u1ec1n C\u00e1, Gi\u1ec1n Chua… ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh trung du mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda b\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, L\u00e0o Cai, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, c\u00f3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An, cao nguy\u00ean L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Ki\u00ean Giang, C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.
\nII. <\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh th\u00e1i<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em>Rau chua l\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, d\u1ea1ng n\u1eeda b\u1ee5i, cao trung b\u00ecnh 2m, n\u1ebfu ch\u0103m b\u00f3n t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 3m. C\u00e2y ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00eda ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp l\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn.
\n– L\u00e1: L\u00e1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tim tr\u00f2n (d\u00e0i\/r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1: 0,9-1,0), m\u00e0u xanh \u0111\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda, l\u00e1 nh\u1eb5n, x\u1ebb thu\u1ef3 s\u00e2u v\u1edbi 3-5 thu\u1ef3 thon nh\u1ecdn, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a, g\u00e2n ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 m\u00e0u t\u00eda, cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i 6-14cm th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u t\u00eda.
\n– Hoa m\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, cu\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn, hoa c\u00f3 8-12 l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 m\u1eadp m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm \u0103n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t chua. C\u00e1nh hoa v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf hay t\u00eda v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eadm. Ph\u1ea5n hoa m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng.
\n–\u00a0Qu\u1ea3 nang h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n thu\u00f4n, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2cm, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng bao ph\u1ee7. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 5 ng\u0103n ch\u1ee9a 15 – 17 h\u1ea1t\/qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 khi ch\u00edn d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh. S\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 400-700 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c.
\n– H\u1ea1t m\u00e0u x\u00e1m c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n l\u1ec7ch. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100 h\u1ea1t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,95g-2,5g tu\u1ef3 gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00e2y ra hoa 50% sau tr\u1ed3ng 120-150 ng\u00e0y.
\nHi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 14 gi\u1ed1ng rau chua. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: th\u00e2n t\u00eda, l\u00e1 xanh hoa v\u00e0ng; th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda, l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda, hoa \u0111\u1ecf; th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda, l\u00e1 xanh, hoa \u0111\u1ecf t\u00eda. Ba nh\u00f3m gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ra hoa, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3.
\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/em>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em>Rau chua \u01b0a n\u00f3ng, \u1ea9m, l\u00fac gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 16-180<\/sup>C, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n l\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25-380<\/sup>C, d\u01b0\u1edbi 140<\/sup>C c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, tr\u00ean 380<\/sup>C c\u00e2y ng\u1eebng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25-300<\/sup>C.
\nL\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 1500mm.
\nC\u00e2y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 kali \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e1, hoa cao. C\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n kh\u00e1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu ng\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.
\nC\u00e2y Rau chua c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh cao. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i.
\nIII. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Rau chua l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau:
\n– Hoa l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ch\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 cao huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, suy th\u1eadn, suy tim, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf cholesterol trong m\u00e1u.
\n– L\u00e1, ch\u1ed3i non v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m rau xanh n\u1ea5u canh chua, l\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb, \u0103n s\u1ed1ng, x\u00e0o n\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t ngon, hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ebf r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, tr\u00e0 t\u00fai Hibiscus thanh nhi\u1ec7t.
\n– H\u1ea1t \u00e9p l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u \u0103n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay x\u0103ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia c\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t; th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i, b\u1ec7n th\u1eebng.
\nNhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t cao: Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 t\u1ea5n, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 giao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f9y theo n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 t\u1eeb 4000-5000USD\/t\u1ea5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u00e1i Lan, Sudan, Mexica, Ai C\u1eadp, Senegan, Tanzania, Mali, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Jamaica.
\nIV. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong>
\n1. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u00e1ng 5-6.
\n2. Gi\u1ed1ng\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nHi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 2 gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u00eda, l\u00e1 xanh cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e1 m\u00e0u t\u00eda ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf.
\nB\u00e0 con v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng theo Qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: x\u00e3 An Kh\u00e1nh, huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0110T: 0433656605
\n3. Gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch<\/strong><\/em>\u0103m s\u00f3c\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>
\nCh\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t pha, th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh, gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, pH 6-7, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi 60 cm. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, nh\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 1-1,5m. Rau chua ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng gieo h\u1ea1t. B\u1ed5 h\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh 2 h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 80cm x 60cm (kho\u1ea3ng 20.000-22.000 c\u00e2y\/ha). Tra h\u1ea1t theo h\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 2-2,5 cm, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1c gieo 2-3 h\u1ea1t sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 1 c\u00e2y kho\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. Sau khi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u1ea5u, r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m.
\nL\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n:\u00a0<\/em>
\nTu\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e1, hoa hay qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 thu l\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i hoa, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho 1ha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng 15-20 t\u1ea5n, ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: 150-200N: 80-100P205: 80-100K20.
\nC\u00e1ch b\u00f3n:<\/em>
\n– B\u00f3n l\u00f3t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n v\u00e0 1\/3 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n kali
\n– B\u00f3n th\u00fac 2-3 \u0111\u1ee3t
\n+ L\u1ea7n 1: sau tr\u1ed3ng 25-30 ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi 1\/3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1m
\n+ L\u1ea7n 2: khi c\u00e2y b\u1eaft\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u1ee5: 1\/3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1m + 1\/3 kali
\n+ L\u1ea7n 3:\u00a0sau khi thu l\u1ee9a qu\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: 1\/3 \u0111\u1ea1m +1\/3 kali. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1edbi x\u00e1o, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 vun g\u1ed1c cho c\u00e2y.
\n4. Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/em>
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e1 v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m rau \u0103n sau gieo kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u00e1ng; thu \u0111\u00e0i hoa, n\u1ee5 sau 4 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 thu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 hoa, thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, l\u00fac c\u00e1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i c\u00f2n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u0103n h\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf s\u1eabm. Hoa ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean thu h\u00e1i trong v\u00f2ng 15-20 ng\u00e0y sau khi hoa n\u1edf, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd k\u00e9m ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PGS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e2y rau chua (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd b\u00f4ng (Malvaceae), c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[35],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":464,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}