{"id":579,"date":"2017-03-09T10:34:28","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T03:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=579"},"modified":"2017-07-11T14:53:32","modified_gmt":"2017-07-11T07:53:32","slug":"tai-nguyen-di-truyen-thuc-vat-viet-nam-thanh-tuu-va-dinh-huong-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=579","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>
\nVi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc cao tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng hay Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp chung v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i thu th\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Nga, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 …. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chuy\u00ean c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 VIR, IRRI, CIMMYT, ICRISAT, IITA, CIAT, CIP\u2026. \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u1ef9 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.
\nH\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (TNDTTV) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a TNDTTV trong c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau.
\nVai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1edfi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n cho q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay,
\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n nay g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m g\u00e2y ra h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0 phao c\u1ee9u sinh cho v\u00f9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng,
\nG\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u00e9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam,
\nY\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n b\u1edfi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, y d\u01b0\u1ee3c…, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.
\nHi\u1ec7n nay, TNDTTV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoang d\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng TNDTTV kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1edbi hai d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi (ex-situ) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV trong \u0111\u00f3 Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (TNTV) l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n … v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i vi (in-situ) t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (on-farm).
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0II. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/strong>
\nN\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u1eb1m trong khu v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 xen l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh cao v\u1edbi hai ph\u1ea7n ba di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai. Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n (kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 3000 km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c canh t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 60 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e1i sinh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
\nHi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n 800 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0C\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 <\/strong>c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/td>\n136 lo\u00e0i\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/td>\n12 lo\u00e0i\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0C\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3<\/td>\n\u00a0100 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i<\/td>\n\u00a016 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0C\u00e2y rau v\u00e0 rau gia v\u1ecb<\/td>\n\u00a094 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh<\/td>\n\u00a050 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0C\u00e2y l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u<\/td>\n\u00a044 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e2y l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7<\/td>\n\u00a049 lo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 2000 c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3120 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 1300 lo\u00e0i hoang d\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

III. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>
\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ<\/strong><\/em>
\nT\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV bao g\u1ed3m 22 c\u01a1 quan th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 Trung t\u00e2m TNTV (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m TNDTTV) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i chung to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia. 21 c\u01a1 quan th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u1eb1m tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Sau g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:
\nT\u1ea1i Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong kho l\u1ea1nh (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen h\u1ea1t, seed genebank) c\u00f3 18518 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 83 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t (orthodox), tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng (Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, field genebank) c\u00f3 2262 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 32 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 trong Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen in-vitro l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n khoai m\u00f4n-s\u1ecd (150 ngu\u1ed3n gen) m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng; v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u1eddn ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n qu\u1ef9 gen c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 100 ngu\u1ed3n gen.
\nT\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 7527 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 250 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1eddn ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.
\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n In-situ<\/em><\/strong>
\n– \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn gia \u0111\u00ecnh,
\n– B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n on-farm c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf ba v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00fai, nh\u00e3n, v\u1ea3i, xo\u00e0i, rau, c\u00e2y gia v\u1ecb, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ee7, c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c, c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh.
\n– \u0110i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean g\u1ed3m 28 v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi (957.330 ha), 18 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (1.283.209 ha), 11 lo\u00e0i \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khi di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (85.849 ha) v\u00e0 39 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh quan (215.287 ha)
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n gen
\nH\u00e0ng n\u0103m Trung t\u00e2m TNTV ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu th\u1eadp h\u01a1n 500 ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2006, kho\u1ea3ng 3500 ngu\u1ed3n gen thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n S\u01a1n La, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y Xo\u00e0i, khoai s\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong v\u01b0\u1eddn gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ngu\u1ed3n gen.
\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n gen
\n– \u0110\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0i n\u00f4ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 50% s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111ang b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ,
\n– \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n gen, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n gen khoai s\u1ecd, l\u00faa v\u00e0 khoai lang,
\n– \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ngu\u1ed3n gen m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n gen rau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 l\u00faa.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin
\n– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n GCPRAS186JPN v\u1edbi FAO (2005 -2007),
\n– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3nWebsite v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia https:\/\/www.pgrvietnam.org.vn,
\n– C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed dung h\u01a1n 1000 l\u01b0\u1ee3t ngu\u1ed3n gen,- H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n,
\n– Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ra s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00faa, khoai s\u1ecd, b\u01b0\u1edfi, qu\u00fdt, cam, nh\u00e3n, xo\u00e0i, khoai lang v\u00e0 rau,
\n– N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 600 l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n …
\n\u00a0 H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen<\/em><\/strong>
\nTham gia c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNTV nh\u01b0 C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc (CBD) n\u0103m 1994; UPOV, GAAT v\u00e0 TRIPS n\u0103m 2006; Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (Climate Change) n\u0103m 1994; Convention to Combat Desertification n\u0103m 1994; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto (Kyoto Protocol) n\u0103m 1997; Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eebng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc (Ramsar convention on the Important Submerged Areas) n\u0103m 1988; CITES n\u0103m 1994; Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Convention on the World\u2019s Cultural and Natural Heritage) n\u0103m 1982; Nghi \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Cartagena v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc (Cartagena Protocol on the Biosafty) n\u0103m 2004.
\nH\u1ee3p t\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong>
\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i ngu\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i, v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00fai
\nD\u1ef1 \u00e1n RETA 6067 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y rau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n rau m\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c1
\n(AVRDC)
\n– D\u1ef1 \u00e1n GCP\/RAS\/186\/JPN v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng (NISM-PGRFA) v\u1edbi FAO.<\/p>\n

4. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi
\n<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – Thu th\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n gen \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n cao nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c khu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2026
\n– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in vitro ngu\u1ed3n gen kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n,
\n– Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f4ng sinh h\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ex situ
\n– \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n gen nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft
\n– T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, rau, l\u00faa, \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed7, khoai s\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ea1c
\n– Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1eddn gia \u0111\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e0o t\u1ed3n in-situ ngu\u1ed3n gen
\n– N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n gen
\n– X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng,
\n– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2026
\n– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf
\n5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn
\n<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – TNDTTV l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u
\n– TNTV c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n nay, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n,
\n– Sau g\u1ea7n 20 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Trung t\u00e2m TNTV \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng 18518 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 83 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t (orthodox), tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng (ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, field genebank) c\u00f3 2262 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 32 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen in-vitro l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n khoai m\u00f4n-s\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng.
\n– \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV t\u1ea1i 19 c\u01a1 quan th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 7527 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a 250 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u01b0\u1eddn ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.
\n– Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c,
\n– Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ebf hoach m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n

Xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

TS. L\u00e3 Tu\u1ea5n Ngh\u0129a & cs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
XEM TH\u00caM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=579"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1332,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/579\/revisions\/1332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}