{"id":596,"date":"2017-03-09T10:55:16","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T03:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=596"},"modified":"2021-11-12T10:06:30","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T03:06:30","slug":"bao-ton-in-situ-tai-nguyen-di-truyen-cay-trong-o-viet-nam-thuc-trang-va-giai-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=596","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng hay qu\u0129 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng( QGCT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu (n\u1ed9i vi hay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh\/ sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n gen) v\u00e0 exsitu (ngo\u1ea1i vi hay chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7, t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee9\/ sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n gen).
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n on farm) c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1edfi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (Bhuwon Sthapit, Devra Jarvis, 2000). B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ QGCT quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoang d\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Bush, 1995; Bellon et al., 1997). B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, (2) b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 – h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong lo\u00e0i, (3) c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, (4) duy tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, (5) g\u1eafn k\u1ebft n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n gen, v\u00e0 (6) g\u1eafn k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, (7) C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u1ed9i vi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a gen v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ QGCT \u0111em l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n) h\u01a1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n exsitu. Tuy nhi\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf(IPGRI), nay l\u00e0 BIOVERSITY t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u00ean c\u1edf s\u1edf h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ \u1edf m\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ qu\u1ef9 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng\/ \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n on farm n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb S\u1ebfn, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7, 2009).
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng B\u0110KH, tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 lai t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n di truy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ qu\u1ef9 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n TNDTTV ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng QGCT \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Xem b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GS.TS. V\u0169 M\u1ea1nh H\u1ea3i, ThS. V\u0169 V\u0103n T\u00f9ng & cs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng hay qu\u0129 gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng( QGCT) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu (n\u1ed9i vi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=596"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3274,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/596\/revisions\/3274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1103"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}