{"id":608,"date":"2017-03-09T11:04:12","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T04:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=608"},"modified":"2017-03-09T11:04:12","modified_gmt":"2017-03-09T04:04:12","slug":"nhan-sam-my-panax-quinquefolius-l","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=608","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 (Panax quinquefolius L.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
1. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y th\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, cao 20-50 cm. Th\u00e2n r\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh thoi. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt, g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1 k\u00e8m h\u00ecnh m\u00e1c; l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t thu\u00f4n tr\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, 8-14 \u00d7 (2-) 2.5-8 cm, d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00e2n l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb5n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, m\u00e9p c\u00f3 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c r\u0103ng t\u00f9, ch\u00f3t l\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn m\u0169i. C\u1ee5m hoa \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, \u1edf ng\u1ecdn, h\u00ecnh t\u00e1n v\u1edbi 6-20 hoa; cu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5m hoa ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1. B\u1ea7u hai l\u00e1 no\u00e3n; v\u00f2i nh\u1ee5y 2. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecf s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1,2 cm. B\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m s\u0103c 2n=48 (Xiang and Lowry 2007).<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1. Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 (Panax quinquefolius<\/em> L.) \u2013 Ngu\u1ed3n: American Medical Botany<\/p>\n

2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Panax ginseng<\/em> Mayer), s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 (Panax quinquefolius<\/em> L.) ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a kho\u1ea3ng 300 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec S\u00e2m M\u1ef9 mang t\u00ednh \u00e2m, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 mang t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u, gi\u00fap b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sau khi \u1ed1m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 S\u00e2m M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi S\u00e2m ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Yuan, Wei et al. 2004) tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (Jin, Hofseth et al. 2010; Li, Wang et al. 2010).<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 S\u00e2m M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1709, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Jesuit \u2013 Cha Jartoux \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u00e2m c\u1ee7 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 bi\u00ean th\u01b0 cho cha Lafitau \u1edf St Louise, Canada (g\u1ea7n Montreal) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Cha Lafitau \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1714 v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y t\u00ecnh c\u1edd, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u00e2m m\u1ecdc \u1edf g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2m hoang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho nhu c\u1ea7u do v\u1eady nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1878 \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i Jamaica. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 thi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u l\u00e0 George Stanton cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf Fabius, New York. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1edf New York v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1897, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 (Yun 2001). Ng\u00e0y nay, Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Canada, M\u1ef9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, New Zealand v\u00e0 Australia.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa S\u00e2m M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 S\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– S\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5m hoa hoa d\u00e0i h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1; l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf g\u00e2n; m\u00e9p c\u00f3 r\u0103ng nh\u1ecf d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

– S\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5m hoa ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1; l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng l\u01b0a th\u01b0a \u1edf g\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb5n, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 c\u00f3 r\u0103ng to ho\u1eb7c r\u0103ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, r\u01b0\u1ee3u polyacetylenic v\u00e0 acid b\u00e9o (Attele, Wu et al. 1999; Jia and Zhao 2009) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ginsenosides (thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd steroids c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 steroidal saponins, hay c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 saponin nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m) l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh (Attele, Wu et al. 1999; Fuzzati 2004; Wang, Wang et al. 2005). Tuy nhi\u00ean khi so s\u00e1nh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ginsenosides ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt HPLC ho\u1eb7c TLC cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Rb1 l\u00e0 0.85%, Re l\u00e0 0.38%, Rc l\u00e0 0.58%, Rd l\u00e0 0.42%, Rb2 l\u00e0 0.41%, Rg1 l\u00e0 0.32% v\u00e0 Re l\u00e0 0.38% \u1edf s\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf S\u00e2m M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 3.22%, 1.07%, 0.39%, 0.66%, 0.05%, 0.2% v\u00e0 1.07% (Li and Fitzloff 2002). Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 24(R)-pseudo-ginsenoside F11 \u1edf s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 hay ginsenoside Rf \u1edf s\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i (Chan, But et al. 2000). Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Rg1\/Rb1 v\u00e0 Rb2\/Rb1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0.4 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u1eadt l\u00e0 s\u00e2m M\u1ef9, n\u1ebfu cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u00e0 s\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Fuzzati 2004), ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ebfm hoi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 hoang c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 Rg1\/Rb1 cao h\u01a1n 0,4 (Schlag and McIntosh 2006).<\/p>\n

4. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ginsenosides trong Nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 (r\u1ec5, l\u00e1, hoa, qu\u1ea3, …) nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i saponin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n saponin l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng saponin gi\u1ea3m theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u00e1, r\u1ec5 con, g\u1ed1c, r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7, th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ginsenosides c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac dammarane triterpenoid v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 khung g\u1ed3m 4 v\u00f2ng steroid c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c saponin th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (Yoshikawa, Murakami et al. 1998; Attele, Wu et al. 1999; Nakamura, Sugimoto et al. 2007; Zhang, Wang et al. 2008; Chen, Zhao et al. 2009; Jia and Zhao 2009; Qu, Bai et al. 2009; Qi, Wang et al. 2010), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng chu\u1ed7i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed C 20 (Qi, Wang et al. 2010). C\u00e1c ginsenosides chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m: nh\u00f3m protopanaxadiol (PPD), nh\u00f3m protopanaxatriol (PPT), nh\u00f3m ocotillol, nh\u00f3m oleanane v.v. PPD and PPT l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c chi\u1ebfm h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm (Wang, Wang et al. 2005; Qu, Bai et al. 2009).<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u00e2m M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 60 lo\u1ea1i saponin kh\u00e1c nhau (Wang, Zhao et al. 2007; Qi, Wang et al. 2011) nh\u01b0ng 70% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 6 saponin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Rb1, Re, Rd, Rc, Rg1 and Rb3 (Lim, Mudge et al. 2005; Wang, Wang et al. 2005; Schlag and McIntosh 2006; Qi, Wang et al. 2010). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c saponin n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i saponin ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e9 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Rg2, Rg3, Rk3, Rh4, Rk1 and Rg5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf C-20, at C-6 or C-3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf chu\u1ed7i C-20, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 (Wang, Zhang et al. 2006).<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ginsenoside (saponin) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a (Cui, Bjorkhem et al. 1997; Hasegawa 2004). Th\u1eddi gian b\u00e1n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ginsenoside trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 24 gi\u1edd (Tawab, Bahr et al. 2003; Hasegawa 2004). M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 0.2%-1.2% c\u00e1c ginsenosides c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i qua n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u (Cui, Bjorkhem et al. 1997). C\u00e1c saponin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c enzyme v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (Tawab, Bahr et al. 2003; Hasegawa 2004; Shin, Bae et al. 2006). Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ginsenosides m\u1edbi. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ginsenosides nh\u00f3m PPD (RB1, Rb2, Rc v\u00e0 Rd) chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t K (C-K) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c PPD-aglycone. Rg3 v\u00e0 Rg5 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Rh2 v\u00e0 Rh3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ginsenosides Rg1 v\u00e0 Re (Nh\u00f3m PPT) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Rh1 v\u00e0 F1 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c PPT-aglycone (h\u00ecnh 3) (Tawab, Bahr et al. 2003; Hasegawa 2004; Shin, Bae et al. 2006). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 C-K ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch m\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c esteril h\u00f3a v\u1edbi axit b\u00e9o \u1edf C-3 c\u1ee7a aglycone ho\u1eb7c \u1edf C’-6 c\u1ee7a glucose trong gan. C-K este h\u00f3a (EM1) kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft trong ru\u1ed9t non v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y trong gan l\u00e2u h\u01a1n C-K. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft Aglycone \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c este h\u00f3a v\u1edbi axit b\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 gan v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft Aglycone este h\u00f3a (EM4) c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch m\u1eadt (Hasegawa 2004).<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u saponin chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u00e2m M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c saponin ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m protopanaxadiol (PPD) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m protopanaxatriol (PPT). C\u00e1c saponin th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m nh\u00f3m ocotillol, nh\u00f3m oleanane v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf chu\u1ed7i C 20. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf chu\u1ed7i C 20 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia ti\u1ebfp: e.g. quinquenoside-L1; e.g. quinquefoloside-L2; e.g. quinquenoside-L3; e.g. quinquefoloside-L9; e.g. majoroside-F1; e.g. notoginsenoside-C; e.g. notoginsenoside-K; e.g. quinquefoloside -La; and e.g. ginsenoside III. (Qi, L.W. et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ginsenosides trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sau khi u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ginsenosides \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh C-K (M1) ho\u1eb7c Aglycone (M4) b\u1edfi vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1c treo. (ngu\u1ed3n Hideo Hasegawa, 2004).<\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ths. Ho\u00e0ng Gia Trinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 C\u00e2y th\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, cao 20-50 cm. Th\u00e2n r\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh thoi. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p ch\u00e2n v\u1ecbt,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":609,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/608\/revisions\/609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}