{"id":614,"date":"2017-03-09T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T04:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=614"},"modified":"2017-07-10T15:34:47","modified_gmt":"2017-07-10T08:34:47","slug":"mot-so-van-de-ve-ung-dung-cong-nghe-thong-tin-trong-nhan-biet-nguon-gen-cay-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=614","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
\n

I. \u0110\u1eb6T V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi – k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 hay th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

II. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 TH\u00c0NH T\u1ef0U B\u01af\u1edaC <\/strong>\u0110\u1ea6U V\u1ec0 \u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 TH\u00d4NG TIN TRONG NH\u1eacN BI\u1ebeT NGU\u1ed2N GEN C\u00c2Y TR\u1ed2NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng hoang d\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb khi bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y c\u1ecf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t c\u1eb7p, ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea9y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, khi nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thu\u1ef5 \u0110i\u1ec3n Carl Linn\u00e9 n\u00eau ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 coi lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u201cPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\u201d m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc (Plant Taxonomy) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (classifying) c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ecf theo h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u00ean trong. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cao ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tra c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ri\u00eang Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.000 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u00ed, Danh l\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng taxon nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Hoa K\u1ef3, Nga, … l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ti\u00ean phong, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cho m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cTin sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d (Bio-informatic). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (FAO), Vi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (Bioversity), Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00faa qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IRRI), Trung t\u00e2m rau m\u00e0u ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (AVDRC)… \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c li\u1ec7u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 PROSEA, GRIN, ICIS, CUBIK…. \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 tr\u00ean Internet. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin ki\u1ec3u gen v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u1ef9 gen GERMINATE do \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Dundee ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng Xc\u1ed1tlen v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt H\u00e0 Lan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tra c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a GRIN ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tra c\u1ee9u t\u00ean taxon v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n t\u00ean taxon, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tra c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n Web \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tra c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u kho\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u00e2n tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn taxon H\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh ba chi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 m\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

3. V\u00e0i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 protein, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc do tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 \u201cPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9ng M\u1ef9 Trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdat gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2000. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.0 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tra c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng minh (Smart searching) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 VIFOTEC. B\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sinh v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2.0\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt r\u1eebng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh danh lo\u00e0i gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u1edf ch\u1ed7: c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u01a1n (g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch tra c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a GRIN hay Eflora), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tra c\u1ee9u theo t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tra c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef 20.800 ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 300 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c gia bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, rau, … b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng m\u1edbi c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 lai l\u1ecbch cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu, nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n gen ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111inh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e2y c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e2y th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m rau, \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed7, …), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, …<\/p>\n

III. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Song trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang v\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu v\u1eeba y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ngu\u1ed3n gen ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u1ef9 gen c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u00f3i chung c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u00f3a sinh nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch quan kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m, hay th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c coi nh\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t ngu\u1ed3n gen th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tra c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a GRIN, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u gen v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a GERMINATE\u2026 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0y t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hy v\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng xa, cc\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n


\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n

1. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Chi, Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ee3p, 1999. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u00edch \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

2. Ph\u1ea1m Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed9, 1991-1993. C\u00e2y c\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Tr\u1ebb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

3. www.vncreatures.net<\/u>. Sinh v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

4. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Chi, 1970-1986. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Y h\u1ecdc Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n

5. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?db=Taxonomy. Entrez Taxonomy<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

6. Brummitt, 1991. Families and genera of vascular plants<\/em>. Royal Botanic gardens.<\/p>\n

7. https:\/\/hua.huh.harvard.edu\/china\/mss\/intindex.htm. Flora of China<\/em>.<\/p>\n

8. Aubreville A. et al., 1960-1997. Flore du Cambodge, Laos et du Vietnam<\/em>. Mus\u00e9um national Dhistoire Naturelle.<\/p>\n

9. Lecomte M. H.,1908-1923. Flore generale de L\u2019Indo-Chine<\/em>, Paris.<\/p>\n

10. GERMINATE version 1.8.4 – A generic database for integrating genotypic and phenotypic information for plant genetic resource collections<\/em>. Scottish Crop Research Ins., John Innes Centre And The Centre for Genetic Resources the Netherlands, July 2005.<\/p>\n

11. https:\/\/www.ars-grin.gov\/cgi-bin\/npgs\/html\/taxgenform.pl?language=en<\/u>. GRIN Taxonomy for Plants<\/em>. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, Germplasm Resources Information Network – (GRIN) [Online Database].National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. (08 November 2006).<\/p>\n

12. https:\/\/www.itis.usda.gov\/download_data.html<\/u>. ITIS DATA ACCESS<\/em>. Vascular Plant Taxonomy Fourth Edition. Walters D. R. and Davis J. K., 1996.<\/p>\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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