{"id":779,"date":"2017-04-05T09:27:01","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T02:27:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=779"},"modified":"2017-07-12T16:39:07","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T09:39:07","slug":"cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-da-dang-di-truyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=779","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\" colspan=\"2\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sao cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t di truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen, v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v\u01b0\u1eddn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Qu\u1ed1c gia&#8230;<br \/>\nC\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau: <em>Insitu<\/em>, <em>Exsitu<\/em>, Invitro&#8230; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eeba c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, v\u1eeba l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (Astley, 1992).<br \/>\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 hay b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngo\u1ea1i vi (<em>Exsitu<\/em> Conservation)<\/strong><br \/>\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i hoang d\u00e3 ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c theo m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n (Lu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc)<br \/>\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Exsitu<\/em> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh ra, ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb sau th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda trong khi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Exsitu<\/em>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng &#8220;ng\u1ee7&#8221; trong c\u00e1c kho l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Hiroko Morishima, 1995).<br \/>\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Exsitu<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kho l\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n In-vitro v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c gieo tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n In-vitro l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ADN, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u00f4i trong nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng (Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 1999).<br \/>\n<strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 hay\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u1ed9i vi (<em>Insitu<\/em> Conservation)<\/strong><br \/>\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i hoang d\u00e3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i \u0111\u0103c h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (Lu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc)<br \/>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p <em>Exsitu<\/em> (Vaughan, 1992). B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Insitu<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Insitu<\/em> c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i (IPGRI, 1998).<br \/>\nM\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n <em>Insitu<\/em> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd v\u1eeba s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba l\u01b0u gi\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i khu tr\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Devra v\u00e0 cs., 1997).Xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/UserFiles\/File\/Kien%20thuc%20bao%20ton\/Tai%20lieu%20tham%20khao_Bai%20cac%20PP%20bao%20ton%20DDDT.doc\">t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\" colspan=\"2\">TS. Tr\u1ea7n Danh S\u1eedu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sao cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=779"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1379,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779\/revisions\/1379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}