{"id":785,"date":"2017-04-05T09:29:33","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T02:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=785"},"modified":"2017-04-05T09:29:33","modified_gmt":"2017-04-05T02:29:33","slug":"bao-ton-in-situ-nguon-gen-cay-trong-tren-dong-dat-cua-nong-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=785","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"<table cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"news_detail_detail\" colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\">\n<div align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu\u00a0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoang d\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng, c\u1ea3nh quan ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Bush, 1995; Bellon et al., 1997). B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 trong v\u01b0\u1eddn gia \u0111\u00ecnh (t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i) c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1edfi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\nM\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y\u00a0 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <em>Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng?<\/em> N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi <em>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3<\/em> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, du nh\u1eadp, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, c\u00e1ch ly, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch di truy\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 <em>v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do s\u1ee9c \u00e9p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea1nh tranh) c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi <em>ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em>.\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Jarvis et al., 1997; 1998). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gieo tr\u1ed3ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Theo th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c lai t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (Riley, 1996)<\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng genotype c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i hay gieo tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i mua ho\u1eb7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 gen tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi cao tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u00edch nghi cao mang l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u00edch nghi cao l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"FR\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u00e0nh s\u1ea1ch \u00a0m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn <\/span><span lang=\"FR\">vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"news_detail_source\" colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\">PGS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n insitu\u00a0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=785"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":786,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions\/786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}