{"id":787,"date":"2017-04-05T09:30:13","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T02:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.prc.maiatech.com.vn\/?p=787"},"modified":"2017-04-05T09:30:13","modified_gmt":"2017-04-05T02:30:13","slug":"mot-so-van-de-phuong-phap-luan-ve-bao-ton-tai-nguyen-di-truyen-thuc-vat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/?p=787","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"<table cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"news_detail_detail\" colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\">\n<div align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;\">\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;\"><br \/>\n1. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen (gi\u1ed1ng) thu\u1ed9c danh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, qu\u1ef9 gen l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo quy ch\u1ebf Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n2. M\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u1edbi do Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i.<br \/>\n3. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 gen c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n gen. Qu\u1ef9 gen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (taxa) c\u00e2y hoang d\u1ea1i (wild relatives), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3&#8230;<br \/>\n4. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u1ef9 gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba,<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0 C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia,\u00a0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd (donors) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<br \/>\n5. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd (donors) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi cao.<br \/>\n6.Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n:<br \/>\n<em>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c sinh s\u1ea3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y:<\/em><br \/>\n<em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>&#8211;\u00a0 C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00f3m:<br \/>\n+ C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 t\u00ednh (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng orthodox): B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong kho l\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n+ C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh (h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng recalctrant), thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y l\u00e2u n\u0103m:\u00a0 B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ ho\u1eb7c ex-situ b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ex-situ ph\u00f4i trong nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng.<br \/>\n&#8211; C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh: B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ex-situ ho\u1eb7c in-situ v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n in-vitro m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<br \/>\n<strong><em>V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ v\u00e0 in-situ:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ: B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u0129nh (static preservation), ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen;<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng: An to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1edbn, chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng cao. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng: C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Kh\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e2y sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen in-vitro: T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn cao, chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eaft. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ee5c tr\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<br \/>\nB\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ: B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (dynamic preservation). C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eaft, kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 hai bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c:<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho\u00a0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y hoang d\u1ea1i h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n: \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho\u00a0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh l\u1ee3i cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<br \/>\nChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ex-situ v\u00e0 in-situ. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ n\u00ean \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u01b0u ti\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"news_detail_source\" colspan=\"2\" align=\"right\">TS. L\u01b0u Ng\u1ecdc Tr\u00ecnh, KSC. Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn H\u01b0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=787"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":788,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/787\/revisions\/788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prc.org.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}